Validation of Criterion-Referenced Standards for Tests of Arm and Shoulder Girdle Strength and Endurance

Rutherford, William J.; Corbin, Charles B.

doi:10.1080/02701367.1994.10607605

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, some studies also found that the hand-grip test was not valid [ 37 ], especially in accessing whole body muscle strength. Previous studies suggested that the knee bent push-up was a valid indicator of upper limb strength quality test [ 38 , 39 ]. Researchers used the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) leg extension test to assess the validity for lower-body muscular power and found that the standing long jump test can be a useful tool to assess lower-body muscular strength in children, but not whole body muscle strength [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criterion-Related Validity of a Simple Muscle Strength Test to Assess Whole Body Muscle Strength in Chinese Children Aged 10 to 12 Years

Yin

Tang

Tao³

2018

BioMed Research International

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Objective To study the criterion-related validity of simple muscle strength test (SMST) indicators and assess whole body muscle strength in Chinese children aged 10 to 12 years old. Methods Two hundred and forty children were equally divided into four groups in different genders and residences. The SMST indicators (hand-grip, knee bent push-up, back muscle strength, sit-up, leg muscle strength, and standing long jump) were tested. We set up the total level of the whole-body muscle strength (Ftotal) through testing isokinetic muscle strength of the six joints' flexion and extension movements. Pearson correlation analyses were used to analyze the correlation between the SMST indicators and the Ftotal. Results (1) Leg muscle strength and back muscle strength demonstrated the highest validity scores. Sit-ups, hand grip, and standing long jump demonstrated the lowest validity scores. (2) Leg muscle strength had the highest validity for males, but back muscle strength had the highest validity for females. Conclusions Back muscle strength and leg muscle strength can give the highest validity of assessing whole body muscle strength, and also has higher validity in both the urban and rural children. For urban children, but not rural, the knee bent push-up also has a high validity indicator.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criterion-Related Validity of a Simple Muscle Strength Test to Assess Whole Body Muscle Strength in Chinese Children Aged 10 to 12 Years

Yin

Tang

Tao³

2018

BioMed Research International

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“…Despite its importance, strength of the shoulder girdle has generally been evaluated manually using basic upper-extremity exercises [26,27]. shoulder girdle.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, shoulder girdle strength has been measured indirectly through basic exercises whose gross movements involve the shoulder muscles, such as pull-ups, push-ups, wall push-ups, scapular pinches, seated lat pull, seated chest press, and flexed arm hang [26,27]. More recently, a limited number of studies have considered the shoulder girdle more directly in strength measurements.…”

Section: An Apparatus and Protocol To Measure Shoulder Girdle Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Apparatus and Protocol to Measure Shoulder Girdle Strength

Garner

Shim

Wilson

2007

Journal of Medical Devices

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Muscles actuating the shoulder girdle are important for stabilizing the scapula and coordinating phased kinematics of the shoulder complex. If these muscles become weak or imbalanced, joint instability and injury may result. Reliable measurement of shoulder strength is thus important for prevention, diagnosis, and rehabilitation of shoulder problems. To date, studies quantifying the strength of the shoulder girdle are limited. The purpose of this work was to design and evaluate a custom apparatus and corresponding protocol for measuring maximal, voluntary, isometric strength of the shoulder girdle during various forms of shrugging exercise. A custom apparatus was constructed as a rigid frame with a vertical post supporting a seat, seat back, and horizontal beam. The beam extends laterally on either side beyond and around the shoulders of a seated subject. A pair of arm extension members pivots on the beam about an axis aligned with the shoulder flexion-extension axis. These members can be locked in place at any angle. Between them is mounted a force-sensing grip assembly, which can be adjusted proximally or distally to accommodate varying shoulder girdle positions. Subjects grasp the grip assembly handles with extended elbows and push or pull as forcefully as possible. Nine female and ten male subjects participated in a protocol using the apparatus to measure maximum isometric force generated at three positions each for elevation, depression, protraction, and retraction of the shoulder girdle (3positions×4modes=12tests). A video motion capture system was used to measure shoulder girdle angles. The reliability of the approach was evaluated based on the repeatability of measured shoulder elevation angle, protraction angle, and total force over three days of testing. The apparatus performed well during the tests, providing a stable, rigid, yet adjustable platform for measuring shoulder girdle strength. Repeatability of force measurements was interpreted as very good to excellent, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (2,1) values ranging from 0.83 to 0.95 for all tests except one (ICC=0.79). Repeatability of angle measurements was interpreted as good to excellent. For tests measuring elevation and depression strength, the ICC of elevation angle ranged from 0.85 to 0.89. For tests measuring protraction and retraction strength, the ICC of protraction angle ranged from 0.68 to 0.88. This type of apparatus could be an effective clinical tool for measuring strength in the shoulder girdle muscles. Use of the video motion capture system is optional.

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“…Other studies used cross-validation for a more accurate cutoff point, rather than ROC curve analysis [19]. Hooten et al used multiple variable linear regression for the relation between knee joint kinetics and pressure pain threshold [20].…”

Section: Roc and Non-roc-used Methods Or Analysis Of Criterion-referementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-Based Optimal Cutoff Values with the Validation of Criterion-Referenced Standards for Sarcopenic Elderly Fitness Improvement

Jee

Park

2020

BioMed Research International

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This study provides a newly updated perspective of information on severely screened 21 previous studies of the various measurement methods for improving physical fitness and providing determined cutoff values from our reserved elderly human database. We aimed to provide scientific evidence-based information regarding physical fitness standards for developing useful prognostics, promoting and maintaining health programs for sarcopenic elderly. 21 previous studies emphasizing criterion referenced standards and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses for improving physical fitness were screened. For predicting the prevalence of sarcopenia, the t-test, logistic regression, linear regression, ROC curve analyses, and voluntary categorizations such as the twentieth or sixtieth percentile classification were used. Based on these scientific evidences, we determined cutoff values from our reserved DB and realized that 75 years for men and 70 years for women are the transitional period during which there are large declines in muscle and fat mass (p<0.01), which reflects physical function tests (p<0.01) in both genders. Using the six factors with ideal cutoff thresholds, an individual exercise program can be designed for alleviating symptoms of frailty caused by sarcopenia for the elderly.

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Validation of Criterion-Referenced Standards for Tests of Arm and Shoulder Girdle Strength and Endurance

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Criterion-Related Validity of a Simple Muscle Strength Test to Assess Whole Body Muscle Strength in Chinese Children Aged 10 to 12 Years

Criterion-Related Validity of a Simple Muscle Strength Test to Assess Whole Body Muscle Strength in Chinese Children Aged 10 to 12 Years

An Apparatus and Protocol to Measure Shoulder Girdle Strength

Evidence-Based Optimal Cutoff Values with the Validation of Criterion-Referenced Standards for Sarcopenic Elderly Fitness Improvement

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