Validation of Correction Algorithms for Near-IR Analysis of Human Milk in an Independent Sample Set—Effect of Pasteurization

Kotrri, Gynter; Fusch, Gerhard; Kwan, Celia; Choi, Dasol; Choi, Arum; Kafi, Nisreen Al; Rochow, Niels; Fusch, Christoph

doi:10.3390/nu8030119

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We showed that pasteurisation had no impact on the protein content of human milk, in line with previously published data . It appears to preserve the biological activity of proteins and the amino acids remain stable.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Human milk analyser underestimated protein content of unfortified and fortified samples compared to elemental analysis

et al. 2019

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supporting

confidence: 90%

Human milk analyser underestimated protein content of unfortified and fortified samples compared to elemental analysis

et al. 2019

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“…We observed high levels of accuracy in measuring total fat and crude protein in raw human milk across 3 different milk banks using a variety of commercially available infrared technologies, including devices developed specifically for human milk (Miris HMA), and devices developed for the dairy industry (MilkoScan, LactoScope, SpectraStar) and adapted by milk banks to measure human milk. Our findings are in agreement with others that have reported accuracy in measuring total fat and crude protein using near-IR (16, 18, 21), filtered mid-IR (15, 18–20, 23), and full-spectra mid-IR instruments (17, 32), when devices have been calibrated to human milk. Limited studies have been conducted in a milk bank setting (19, 23, 32, 33), and few studies have compared multiple types of infrared technology (18).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Accuracy and Reliability of Infrared Analyzers for Measuring Human Milk Macronutrients in a Milk Bank Setting

Perrin

Festival²,

Starks

et al. 2019

Current Developments in Nutrition

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BackgroundInfrared (IR) analysis is an emerging technology that may be a useful tool for milk banks to manage the nutrient variability in donor human milk.ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and comparability of commercial infrared analyzers for measuring human milk macronutrients in a milk bank setting.MethodsThree nonprofit milk banks received blinded test kits of human milk that had been assessed using reference methods. Four infrared instruments were used to measure macronutrients as follows: 1 filtered mid-IR, 2 Fourier-transformed full-spectra mid-IR, and 1 near-IR. Twenty-five unique samples were read concurrently for the accuracy arm. An identical sample was read daily for 1 mo for the reliability arm.ResultsValues for R2 describing relationships with reference methods for total fat, crude protein, and lactose, were as follows: filtered mid-IR, 0.98, 0.94, and 0.48; Fourier-transformed full-spectra mid-IR, 0.97, 0.93, and 0.36 for instrument 1 and 0.98, 0.98, and 0.31 for instrument 2; and near-IR 0.93, 0.93, and 0.12. There was no significant difference between instruments for crude protein and total fat measurements. There were significant differences in carbohydrate measurements between instruments. For 1 mo of daily measurements in the reliability arm, CVs for filtered mid-IR were ≤4.6%, for Fourier-transformed full spectra mid-IR were ≤1.7%, and for near-IR were ≤5.1%.ConclusionsInfrared analysis is an accurate and reliable method for measuring crude protein and total fat in a milk bank setting. Carbohydrate measurements are less accurate and are significantly different between instruments, which will likely lead to differences in derived calorie values.

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“…Infants on donor milk received an additional 0.4 g of whey protein powder per 100 mL (Beneprotein) as per McMaster NICU guidelines [14].…”

Section: Fortifier Products and Dosagementioning

confidence: 99%

Individualized target fortification of breast milk with protein, carbohydrates, and fat for preterm infants: A double-blind randomized controlled trial

et al. 2021

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Background & aims: In preterm infants, natural variation of breast milk composition makes it difficult to achieve recommended macronutrient intakes with standard fortification. Evidence suggests that nutritional deficiency induces poor postnatal growth. This study investigates impacts of target fortification on preterm growth and metabolism by adjusting breast milk macronutrients. Methods: This study was conducted as a single-centre, double-blind, randomized controlled trial for infants <30 gestational weeks. The control group received standard fortification and the intervention group received standard plus target fortification adding modular protein, lipids, and carbohydrates. Breast milk content was measured 3x/week using a validated near-infrared bedside spectrometer (NIRS). Modulars were added to achieve recommended values. To assess total nutrient intake, all 2810 native breast milk samples were analyzed -protein and fat using bedside-NIRS, lactose using tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Body composition was measured using air displacement plethysmography. Primary outcome was weight gain during the first 21 days of intervention. Results: Baseline characteristics, morbidities, and total fluid intake were not different between groups (intervention n ¼ 52, control n ¼ 51). The intervention group infants had higher macronutrient intakes, weight gain (21.2 ± 2.5 vs 19.3 ± 2.4 g/kg/d, mean difference: 1.9 g/kg/d, 95% CI: 0.9 -2.9), and body weight. Infants in the intervention group from mothers with below-average breast milk protein content showed greatest impact on weight at 36 weeks (2580 ± 280 g vs 2210 ± 300 g), length, head circumference, fat, and fat-free mass. Also, feeding intolerance was less frequent, blood urea was higher, and triglycerides were lower. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that target fortification of breast milk with low macronutrient content enhances the quality of nutrition and growth and is feasible in clinical routine.

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Validation of Correction Algorithms for Near-IR Analysis of Human Milk in an Independent Sample Set—Effect of Pasteurization

Cited by 17 publications

References 26 publications

Human milk analyser underestimated protein content of unfortified and fortified samples compared to elemental analysis

Human milk analyser underestimated protein content of unfortified and fortified samples compared to elemental analysis

Accuracy and Reliability of Infrared Analyzers for Measuring Human Milk Macronutrients in a Milk Bank Setting

Individualized target fortification of breast milk with protein, carbohydrates, and fat for preterm infants: A double-blind randomized controlled trial

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