Validation of Conjugate Heat-Transfer Capability for Water-Cooled High-Speed Flows

Abstract

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Cooling Effect of Water Injection on a High-Temperature Supersonic Jet

“…Golden [3] conducted a series of experiments with water fog injection in a gas turbine and measured the temperature of the combustor to study the reduction of nitrous oxide emissions. Engblom [7] validated a new conjugate heat-transfer capability against thermal experimental data for three water-cooled supersonic flow experiments. Kandula [8] developed a one-dimensional control volume formulation to predict turbulent jet mixing noise reduction of the exhaust plume by water injection and the mechanism of interaction of water injection and gas.…”

Unified approach for conjugate heat-transfer analysis of high speed air flow through a water-cooled nozzle

“…It is possible to compare the simulation results calculated in the present study against those found by several authors that used the same experimental data and conclude that the results have excellent compliance. Simulations of the Cases I, III and IV presented deviations respectively of 5.0%, −2.1% and −5.0%, and the Case II presented deviation of 7.3%, all of them corresponding to a difference from the experimental data by at most 1.1 K. According to Shope (6) , the nozzle for Case II has failed before the test reached the steady state, in which case the measured Table 5 Globally scaled residuals of each tested mesh for Case I (7) -model 2 − 7.9 − 6.0 − 12.2 − 17.0 Engblom et al (7) -model 3 12.9 18.7 5.3 2.0 Engblom et al (7) -model 4 1.4 8.7 − 9.0 − 11.5 Engblom et al (8) − 5.8 water temperature rise would be greater if the nozzle had survived, consequently reducing the deviation. Figure 7 shows temperature and heat flux distributions along the gas-side nozzle wall provided by different authors in comparison with those obtained in present study.…”

“…Engblom et al (7) presented a structured-mesh heat transfer module named FOGO, coupled with two different compressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes flow solvers named TBD and Wind-US, and predictions are compared against experimental data for various turbulence models and coolant modeling assumptions. FOGO is a finite-volume, cell-centered, multi-block, structured-mesh, 3D heat conduction solver, with submodels for solid body conduction, forced convection, and nucleate and film boiling.…”

Wind-US Code Physical Modeling Improvements to Complement Hypersonic Testing and Evaluation

“…17 As described in Ref. 17, the three solvers have been run in a loosely-coupled manner, but efforts are continuing to more tightly couple the solvers for difficult problems and time-dependent flows.…”

“…Details of the initial formulation and validation for water-cooled high-speed flow cases were provided in Ref. 15. The conjugate heat transfer method includes a solid body heat conduction solver, FOGO, which uses a finite-volume, cell-centered, multi-block structured-grid discretization.…”