Validation of Calibrated Energy Models: Common Errors

Ruiz, Germán Ramos; Bandera, Carlos Fernández

doi:10.3390/en10101587

Cited by 253 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Since this was also the case in the building-level simulations, no further discussion on this takes place here. To be able to see how well the two models, BES-ref and BES-v.2, could replicate the logged measurements of temperature during the measurement period, a statistical analysis was done by calculating the mean bias error (MBE), normalized mean bias error (NMBE), and coefficient of variance (CV) of the root-mean-square error (RMSE) according to Reference [38]. Table 13 shows the results of MBE, NMBE, and CV (RMSE), when comparing simulated results of temperature to logged measurements.…”

Section: Apartment Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Measurements and Time Diaries as Complementary Measures to Improve Resolution of BES

2019

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Building energy simulation (BES) models rely on a variety of different input data, and the more accurate the input data are, the more accurate the model will be in predicting energy use. The objective of this paper is to show a method for obtaining higher accuracy in building energy simulations of existing buildings by combining time diaries with data from logged measurements, and also to show that more variety is needed in template values of user input data in different kinds of buildings. The case studied in this article is a retirement home in Linköping, Sweden. Results from time diaries and interviews were combined with logged measurements of electricity, temperature, and CO2 levels to create detailed occupant behavior schedules for use in BES models. Two BES models were compared, one with highly detailed schedules of occupancy, electricity use, and airing, and one using standardized input data of occupant behavior. The largest differences between the models could be seen in energy losses due to airing and in household electricity use, where the one with standardized user input data had a higher amount of electricity use and less losses due to airing of 39% and 99%, respectively. Time diaries and interviews, together with logged measurements, can be great tools to detect behavior that affects energy use in buildings. They can also be used to create detailed schedules and behavioral models, and to help develop standardized user input data for more types of buildings. This will help improve the accuracy of BES models so the energy efficiency gap can be reduced.

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Section: Apartment Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Measurements and Time Diaries as Complementary Measures to Improve Resolution of BES

2019

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“…As in the other automatic calibration techniques, the uncertainty analysis allows an evaluation of the model with well-known statistical indices such as coefficient of determination (R 2 ), coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CV(RMSE)), and normalized mean bias error (N MBE) [42]. ASHRAE Guidelines 14 [43,44], Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP) 3.0 [45,46], and International Performance Measurements and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) [3] recommend limits in order to consider an energy model as calibrated.…”

Section: The Design Of the Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a New Generation of Building Envelope Calibration

Bandera

Ruiz

2017

Energies

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Building energy performance (BEP) is an ongoing point of reflection among researchers and practitioners. The importance of buildings as one of the largest activators in climate change mitigation was illustrated recently at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21). Continuous technological improvements make it necessary to revise the methodology for energy calculations in buildings, as has recently happened with the new international standard ISO 52016-1 on Energy Performance of Buildings. In this area, there is a growing need for advanced tools like building energy models (BEMs). BEMs should play an important role in this process, but until now there has no been international consensus on how these models should reconcile the gap between measurement and simulated data in order to make them more reliable and affordable. Our proposal is a new generation of models that reconcile the traditional data-driven (inverse) modelling and law-driven (forward) modelling in a single type that we have called law-data-driven models. This achievement has greatly simplified past methodologies, and is a step forward in the search for a standard in the process of calibrating a building energy model.

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“…Two situations in relation to the opening of the balcony glazing were used to calibrate the simulation, that is, for the period between January 14 and 19 (closed balcony) and between January 27 and February 2 (open balcony). After some adjustments in the modeling, both situations presented satisfactory values for the NMBE and CV (RMSE) indices, making the model able to carry out the remaining simulations [26]. Table 1 Material properties and occupancy patterns.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Investigation of the Effects of Glazed Balconies upon Thermal Comfort in Hot Tropical Region

Pagel¹,

Rodrigues²,

Alvarez³

et al. 2019

JCEA

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The balcony is responsible to a series of effects on the environmental behavior of a building, mainly in relation of thermal comfort and air distribution to their indoor spaces. Currently a very common practice in several metropolitan areas is the closing with retractable glass panels in balcony openings. This work analyzed the effects of glazed balconies upon thermal comfort in a hot tropical region. Environmental parameters were carried out in a flat alternating the conditions of retractable glass panels to balconies. Thermal simulations were performed considering closing or not the glass door that divides the balcony room; the building material used on the balcony sill; and the use of curtains or shading devices. The results show the maximum mean hourly temperatures recorded on the balcony during the period when the retractable glass panels were closed, reaching peaks between 31.7 and 39.2 °C, above the comfort range recommended by ASHRAE 55. All situations simulated show the thermal discomfort prevails in the use of the closed glass panels reaching DhTD of 94.55 °C/day. Thus, this practice of using most of the closed retractable glass panels in the balconies presents disadvantages and inefficiencies especially in hot and humid tropical climate regions.

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Validation of Calibrated Energy Models: Common Errors

Cited by 253 publications

References 85 publications

Integration of Measurements and Time Diaries as Complementary Measures to Improve Resolution of BES

Integration of Measurements and Time Diaries as Complementary Measures to Improve Resolution of BES

Towards a New Generation of Building Envelope Calibration

Investigation of the Effects of Glazed Balconies upon Thermal Comfort in Hot Tropical Region

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