Validation of ATR FT-IR to identify polymers of plastic marine debris, including those ingested by marine organisms

Jung, Melissa R; Horgen, F. David; Orski, Sara V.; C, Viviana Rodriguez; Beers, Kathryn L.; Balazs, George H.; Jones, T. Todd; Work, Thierry M.; Brignac, Kayla C; Royer, Sarah-Jeanne; Hyrenbach, K. David; Jensen, Brenda A.; Lynch, Jennifer M.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.061

Cited by 987 publications

(505 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The polymer make‐up of marine plastic debris may aid in identifying possible sources, degradation, fate and reasons for ingestion (Jung et al, ; Nelms et al, ). The polymers identified through FT‐IR analysis reflect the recently reported polymer diversity globally described for microplastics (Gago et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic ingestion ubiquitous in marine turtles

Duncan

Broderick

Fuller

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

238

100

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Despite concerns regarding the environmental impacts of microplastics, knowledge of the incidence and levels of synthetic particles in large marine vertebrates is lacking. Here, we utilize an optimized enzymatic digestion methodology, previously developed for zooplankton, to explore whether synthetic particles could be isolated from marine turtle ingesta. We report the presence of synthetic particles in every turtle subjected to investigation (n = 102) which included individuals from all seven species of marine turtle, sampled from three ocean basins (Atlantic [ATL]: n = 30, four species; Mediterranean (MED): n = 56, two species; Pacific (PAC): n = 16, five species). Most particles (n = 811) were fibres (ATL: 77.1% MED: 85.3% PAC: 64.8%) with blue and black being the dominant colours. In lesser quantities were fragments (ATL: 22.9%: MED: 14.7% PAC: 20.2%) and microbeads (4.8%; PAC only; to our knowledge the first isolation of microbeads from marine megavertebrates). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) of a subsample of particles (n = 169) showed a range of synthetic materials such as elastomers (MED: 61.2%; PAC: 3.4%), thermoplastics (ATL: 36.8%: MED: 20.7% PAC: 27.7%) and synthetic regenerated cellulosic fibres (SRCF; ATL: 63.2%: MED: 5.8% PAC: 68.9%). Synthetic particles being isolated from species occupying different trophic levels suggest the possibility of multiple ingestion pathways. These include exposure from polluted seawater and sediments and/or additional trophic transfer from contaminated prey/forage items. We assess the likelihood that microplastic ingestion presents a significant conservation problem at current levels compared to other anthropogenic threats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic ingestion ubiquitous in marine turtles

Duncan

Broderick

Fuller

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

238

100

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“…The absorption band at 1458 cm -1 corresponds to the bending vibration of CH2 [26]. The absorption band at 1373 cm -1 was assignable to the bending vibration of CH3, exhibiting the characteristic of LDPE [27]. The absorption bands at around 730-717 cm -1 were attributed to the rocking vibration of CH2.…”

Section: Catalyst Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Production from LDPE-based Plastic Waste over Chromium Supported on Sulfated Zirconia

2020

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The preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity test of sulfated zirconia (SZ) modified with chromium for the hydrocracking of LDPE-based plastic waste have been investigated. SZ was prepared by wet impregnation method using zirconia nanopowder (ZrO2) and H2SO4 solution. SZ was further modified with chromium (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% wt.%) by refluxing in aqueous solution of Cr(NO3)3·9H2O, followed by calcination and reduction processes. The prepared catalysts were characterized by SEM-Mapping and TEM. Hydrocracking of LDPE-based plastic waste was conducted at various temperatures and various catalysts. In addition, the optimum catalyst was repeatedly used for the reaction to demonstrate the stability of the catalyst. Liquid products obtained by hydrocracking were characterized by GCMS. The results showed that the morphology of the prepared catalysts had different sizes and disordered shapes after the addition of sulfate and Cr. The effective temperature for hydrocracking was 250 °C. The highest selectivity to liquid product and gasoline fraction were 40.99 and 93.42 wt.%, respectively, and were obtained over Cr/SZ with 1.0 wt.% Cr. Hydrocracking of plastic waste over the used Cr/SZ catalyst with 1.0 wt.% Cr showed that the Cr/SZ catalyst was stable and reusable up to three repetitions.

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“…Given that degradation was likely to occur on the surface as opposed to the bulk material, a surface-sensitive technique such as ATR-FTIR is ideally suited to monitor chemical changes of degraded plastics 18,19 . The averaged spectrum collected for UV-irradiated PET incubated with positively isolated bacteria (13uv) and without (Buv) are shown in Figure 5A Suspected ester-cleavage and chain-scission occurring on the surface of these samples can be visualized in the difference spectra ( Fig.…”

Section: Identification Of Lipase Positive and Consortia Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudomonasisolates degrade and form biofilms on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic

Vague

Chan

Roberts

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Bioaugmentation is a possible remediation strategy for the massive amounts of plastic waste in our oceans and landfills. For this study, soil samples were collected from petroleum polluted locations in the Houston, Texas area to isolate microorganisms capable of plastic degradation.Bacteria were propagated and screened for lipase activity, which has been associated with the bacterial degradation of some plastics to date. We identified three lipase-positive Pseudomonas species, and Bacillus cereus as part of two consortia, which we predict enhances biofilm formation and plastic degradation. Lipase-positive consortia bacteria were incubated alongside blank and E.coli controls with UV-irradiated polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as sole sources of carbon. Surface degradation of PET plastic was quantified by changes in molecular vibrations by infrared spectroscopy. The bacteria formed biofilms on PET, observed by scanning electron microscopy, and induced molecular changes on the plastic surface, indicating the initial stages of plastic degradation. We also found molecular evidence that one of the Pseudomonas isolates degrades LDPE. To date, lipase positive Pseudomonas spp. degradation of PET has not been well described, and this work highlights the potential for using consortia of common soil bacteria to degrade plastic waste.

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Validation of ATR FT-IR to identify polymers of plastic marine debris, including those ingested by marine organisms

Cited by 987 publications

References 36 publications

Microplastic ingestion ubiquitous in marine turtles

Microplastic ingestion ubiquitous in marine turtles

Fuel Production from LDPE-based Plastic Waste over Chromium Supported on Sulfated Zirconia

Pseudomonasisolates degrade and form biofilms on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic

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