Validation of assays for inflammatory mediators in sputum

Stockley, Robert A.; Bayley, D L

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.15d24.x

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Finally, the processing of sputum with dithiotreitol may affect the measurement of fluidphase mediators for its action on disulphide bonds [76][77][78] and the lack of a validated dilution factor may lead to incomparable measurements among authors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of airway inflammation in pulmonary diseases assessed by induced sputum

Dragonieri

Tongoussouva

Zanini

et al. 2016

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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During recent years there has been a growing interest in using non-invasive biomarkers to understand and monitor the airway inflammation in subjects with respiratory tract disorders. To date, the best validated and performing non-invasive biomarkers are measures of inflammation in induced sputum in both cellular and fluid phase, which can provide biological insights into the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The purpose of this review is to examine the principal literature on the different markers of inflammation in pulmonary diseases assessed by induced sputum analysis in either cellular or fluid phase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markers of airway inflammation in pulmonary diseases assessed by induced sputum

Dragonieri

Tongoussouva

Zanini

et al. 2016

Monaldi Arch Chest Dis

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“…Immunoassays are the method of choice because of their convenience, reproducibility and specificity. Although several measurements are reliable and responsive to change, the content validity of most has not been studied and this can be affected by the treatment with dithiothreitol [44,45,[96][97][98].…”

Section: Interpretation Of Sputum Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway inflammation in COPD: physiological outcome measures and induced sputum

Crapo

Jensen²,

Hargreave³

2003

European Respiratory Journal

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a result of airway inflammation, and the best predictor of COPD is the early detection of airflow limitation by spirometry. The Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease Workshop Report defines airflow limitation using simple spirometric indices. Available guidelines categorise the severity of COPD using forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), with symptoms playing a minor role in the assessment.Current standards define COPD by progressive loss of FEV1, and thus longitudinal decline in FEV1 will be the primary outcome variable for intervention studies aimed at preventing or reducing the loss of pulmonary function. There is evidence, however, that the variable FEV1/FVC and FEV1 are often not measured properly in all settings.This article will discuss the roles of physiological measurements in diagnosing COPD and physiological outcome measures for COPD. It does not formally compare physiological measures with other outcome measures, such as symptoms or quality of life. Additionally, improved treatment of established disease requires a better understanding of the inflammatory process and its clinical effects and treatment.The inflammatory process, and how drugs affect it, can be studied noninvasively or relatively noninvasively by using refined methods of examining spontaneous or induced sputum. Enhanced understanding of the use of induced sputum will assist in predicting patients9 responses to short-and long-term inhaled corticosteroid treatment, and the methods of sputum examination need to be simplified so that they can be applied more easily to clinical practice. Eur Respir J 2003; 21: Suppl. 41, 19s- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) as a "disease state characterised by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. …The airflow limitation is usually both progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases" [1]. The absence of reversibility tends to exclude asthma by definition, although asthma can coexist with COPD. Methods of assessing airflow limitation: current recommendations and their limitationsAvailable guidelines categorise the severity of COPD primarily by using forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), whereas symptoms play a minor role in the assessment [1][2][3][4][5]. This tight link between FEV1 and COPD reflects the fact that spirometry is the standard for defining the presence of airway obstruction and the progressive loss of FEV1, the physiological variable that characterises COPD severity and predicts its mortality. Spirometry has become the standard, in part, because good quality and inexpensive tests are widely available.The GOLD Workshop Report explicitly defines airflow limitation using simple spirometric indices. Specifically, airflow limitation is defined as an FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC)v70% and a postbronchodilator FEV1v80% of predict...

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“…In addition, anti-inflammatory treatment decreases both the eosinophils and ECP within the airways [48,57]. Unfortunately, myeloperoxidase (MPO) as an activation marker of neutrophils seems to be affected by sputum induction and/or processing technique and therefore immunoassays are not always reproducible [53,58,59]. In sputum supernatant it is also possible to measure proteases involved in the process of extracellular matrix degradation.…”

Section: Biomarkers In Fluid Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to most processing protocols, dithiothreitol (DTT) should be added to the sputum sample for the recovery of mediators by dispersing the mucus layer through cleavage of the disulphide bonds [52]. However, DTT may also affect the disulphide bonds within the mediators [53]. Second, variable dilutions may account for inaccurate quantifications among samples and presently there is not yet a validated factor to adequately correct for dilution [54].…”

Section: Biomarkers In Fluid Phasementioning

confidence: 99%