“…(1) studies on the factors influencing EWC (Luthar et al, 1997;Schminke et al, 2005;Weeks et al, 2006;Demirtas and Akdogan, 2015;Newman et al, 2017;Loke, 2019;Otaye-Ebede et al, 2020); (2) studies on the outcomes of EWC (Ismail, 2015;Shafer, 2015;Tsai and Huang (2008); Hsieh et al, 2016;Loke et al, 2019;Pagliaro et al, 2018;Teresi et al, 2019;Friend et al, 2020;Otaye-Ebede et al, 2020;Potipiroon and Wongpreedee, 2020;Barattucci et al, 2021); and (3) studies on the level or types of EWC (Wittmer and Coursey, 1996;Brower and Shrader, 2000;Rasmussen et al, 2003;Armstrong and Francis, 2008;Loke et al, 2019;Wan Abdul Razak and Mohd Mustamil, 2020). Arnaud's Psychological Process Model (2010) Rest's (1994) four psychological process (EDMP) model Hunt & Vitell's (1986, 1991 general theory of Marketing ethics (EDMP model).…”