Validation of an ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) method for the detection of heroin and cocaine on incriminated material

Dussy, Franz; Berchtold, Christian; Briellmann, Thomas; Lang, Candid; Steiger, Rendé; Bovens, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2007.11.005

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Alternative methods include ion-mobility spectrometry [7,22], electrochemiluminescence [23], and Raman microspectroscopy [9]. The immunodetection of cocaine on banknotes is limited to the application of strip-based immunoassays originally developed for qualitative detection of the drug in urine [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative detection of cocaine from banknotes and latent fingermarks

Heide

Calavia

Hardwick

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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A sensitive and versatile competitive enzyme immunoassay (cEIA) has been developed for the quantitative detection of cocaine in complex forensic samples. Polyclonal anti-cocaine antibody was purified from serum and deposited onto microtiter plates. The concentration of the cocaine antibody adsorbed onto the plates, and the dilution of the cocaine-HRP hapten were both studied to achieve an optimised immunoassay. The method was successfully used to quantify cocaine in extracts taken from both paper currency and latent fingermarks. presents a simple and cost-effective alternative to the current mass spectrometry based techniques for the quantitation of cocaine at forensically significant concentrations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative detection of cocaine from banknotes and latent fingermarks

Heide

Calavia

Hardwick

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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“…14 The method involves taking a representative sample of cocaine along two strips on the side of the banknote by vacuum sampling. 14,15 Recently, it has been suggested that the area sampled may not provide an adequate representative sample of the cocaine concentration present on the note in its entirety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location-specific immunodetection of cocaine on banknotes

Heide

Cunningham

Hardwick

et al. 2016

Analyst

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A novel in-gel bioanalytical immunodetection method has been developed to determine both the presence and the location of cocaine on the surface of banknotes. The cocaine was 'fixed' to the surface of the banknote via a coating of a polyacrylamide gel matrix.Immunostaining of the immobilised cocaine on the banknote surface was performed using an anti-cocaine primary antibody, either pre-labelled with horse radish peroxidase (HRP) or in conjunction with a HRP-labelled secondary antibody. Visualisation of the location of the cocaine was achieved through chemiluminescence imaging of the banknote following application of a chemiluminescent substrate. The novel method was applied to the detection of cocaine on partial and whole banknote samples obtained from general circulation. Newly minted banknotes, with or without spiked cocaine, were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. The results obtained, for the first time, demonstrate the successful location-specific immunostaining of cocaine on banknotes. A preliminary analysis of six UK banknotes, obtained from general circulation, suggests that cocaine can be present at variable locations across the whole of the banknote.

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“…Recently, it has been analyzed using IMS. 11,[35][36][37] Lu and coworkers 35 analyzed cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene in urine using solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with IMS, and reported that the detection limits of benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene are 10 ng/mL (10 ppb) and 4 ng/mL (40 ppb), respectively. Dussy and coworkers 36 examined the validation of a qualitative IMS procedure for the detection of trace amounts of cocaine on incriminated material using a vacuum cleaner for sampling and reported that the detection limit of cocaine was 0.2 ng.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dussy and coworkers 36 examined the validation of a qualitative IMS procedure for the detection of trace amounts of cocaine on incriminated material using a vacuum cleaner for sampling and reported that the detection limit of cocaine was 0.2 ng.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Cocaine Detections in Corona Discharge Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometry and in Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometry

Choi¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was a technique originally applied for the detection of trace compounds. 1-3 IMS has been widely used to detect chemical warfare agents, 4-6 explosives, [7][8][9][10] and illegal drugs 10-13 since it combines both high sensitivity (detection limits down to the ng/L range to pg/L range, ppb range and ppt range) and relatively low technical expenditure with high-speed data acquisition. The time required to acquire a single spectrum is in the range of several tens ms. The working principle is based on the drift of ions at ambient pressure under the influence of an external electric field. 14-20 IMS works in a similar way to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). The major difference is that TOFMS requires a vacuum but IMS does not. The mean free path of the ions in IMS is very smaller than in TOFMS. A typical IMS is comprised of an ionization source associated with an ion reaction chamber, an ion drift tube, an ion/molecule injection shutter placed between the ion reaction chamber and the ion drift tube, and an ion collector (detector, Faraday plate). An ion swarm drifting under the electric field experiences a separation process based on ions with different masses or structures having different drift velocities. Collecting these ions on a Faraday plate delivers a time-dependent signal corresponding to the mobility of the arriving ions. This ion mobility spectrum contains information on the nature of the different trace compounds present in the sample gas.Mass spectrometry is an important tool for the structural analysis of unknown chemicals. Soft ionization techniques such as matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) and atmospheric pressure ionization (API) have been used for determination of molecular weight of an analyte. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) are the most currently used as API sources. In APCI, a corona discharge makes solvent reactant ions that are used to ionize the analyte by chemical ionization. [31][32][33][34] Solvent and analyte are vaporized by pneumatic nebulization. APCI relies upon gas-phase ion-molecule reactions to place a charge on neutral analytes, so it is especially important to understand these reactions. The solvent-derived ions serve as reagents for proton transfer ionization.Cocaine is a powerfully addictive drug because of its instantaneous and overwhelming effects on the central nervous system. It is generally analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), GC, or LC. Recently, it has been analyzed using IMS. 11,[35][36][37] Lu and coworkers 35 analyzed cocaine and its metabolites, benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene in urine using solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with IMS, and reported that the detection limits of benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene are 10 ng/mL (10 ppb) and 4 ng/mL (40 ppb), respectively. Dussy and coworkers 36 examined the validation of a qualita...

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Validation of an ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) method for the detection of heroin and cocaine on incriminated material

Cited by 33 publications

References 5 publications

A competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative detection of cocaine from banknotes and latent fingermarks

A competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative detection of cocaine from banknotes and latent fingermarks

Location-specific immunodetection of cocaine on banknotes

Comparison of Cocaine Detections in Corona Discharge Ionization-Ion Mobility Spectrometry and in Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometry

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