Validation of an extended method for the detection of the misuse of endogenous steroids in sports, including new hydroxylated metabolites

Annual banned‐substance review: analytical approaches in human sports drug testing

“…[15] In agreement with van Renterghem et al, [7] the 4-hydroxylated androstenedione, amongst others, was found indicative for an illicit androstenedione administration, and its urinary concentration was sufficiently high to allow the use of GC/C/IRMS to prove its exogenous origin for up to 72 h.…”

“…By this means, up to 30 analytes were covered, allowing an improved detection of compounds such as androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and their oxygenated derivatives. [7] In addition to the commonly recorded endogenous steroids -for example, androstenedione, androsterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, etiocholanolone, and testosterone -the presented approach can provide additional evidence for anti-doping purposes by monitoring their corresponding 4-, 6-, 7-, or 16-monohydroxylated analogs and without increasing workload or analytical runtimes.…”

Increased and Mistimed Sex Hormone Production in Night Shift Workers

“…Hormones and metabolites included estrogens (estradiol, estrone, and estriol), progestagens (pregnanediol, pregnanetriol, and 16-androstenol), and androgens [testosterone, epitestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androsterone, etiocholanolone, 11b-OH-androsterone, androstenedione, 6a-OH-androstenedione, 3a,5a-androstanediol, and 3a,5b-androstanediol). The procedure for preparing the samples was based upon routinely used screening methods in doping control analysis (26). Briefly, 2.5 mL of urine were hydrolysed, extracted and derivatized, and analyzed by GC-MS.…”

Drug-drug interactions and masking effects in sport doping: influence of miconazole administration on the urinary concentrations of endogenous anabolic steroids

“…Collected data belonging to the same athlete are then integrated in a Bayesian algorithm that allows for the determination of physiological ranges tailored for each individual, drastically reducing the risk of false atypical analytical findings and improving the overall detection capacity of the anti-doping system [24]. In addition to this approach, several researchers have proposed to consider also other specific hydroxylated/oxydized metabolites of EAASs [25][26][27][28], with the aim of both obtaining supplementary information about the compound administered and extending its detection window in urine. In particular, physiological urinary concentrations of most of these EAAS metabolites (also formed in biotransformations involving cytochrome P450 enzymes, including CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 [29]) are normally low [30].…”

“…In particular, physiological urinary concentrations of most of these EAAS metabolites (also formed in biotransformations involving cytochrome P450 enzymes, including CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 [29]) are normally low [30]. In this regard, it has been reported that after the intake of either dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), T and/or its precursors, it is possible to observe a characteristic increase in the urinary levels of 7a/b-hydroxy(OH)-DHEA, 16a/b-OH-DHEA, 7-keto-DHEA, 3a,5-cyclo-5a-androstan-6b-ol-17-one, 7-keto-Andro, 6a-OH-androstenedione (ASD), 6b-OHAndro, 6b-OH-Etio, 6b-OH-epiandrosterone(EA), 16a-OH-Andro, 16a-OH-Etio, 16a-OH-ASD, 4-OH-ASD, 4-OH-T, and 6-OH-T [25][26][27][28].…”