Validation of an Equine Smart Textile System for Heart Rate Variability: A Preliminary Study

McCrae, Persephone; Spong, Hannah; Golestani, Nadia; Mahnam, Amin; Bashura, Y.; Pearson, Wendy

doi:10.3390/ani13030512

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…The balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity can be analyzed by variability in heart rate or HRV for assessing stress and different welfare states in farm animals [16]. In addition, HR variability (HRV) is useful for diagnosing arrhythmias in sports horses [17,18] and was widely used in horses [19][20][21][22]. Vasovagal tonus index or VVTI (time domain analyses of HRV) is a simple method of assessing sympathetic and parasympathetic tone balance in horses [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses

Chompoosan,

Pongthaisong,

Kenchaiwong

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Pregnancy affects maternal hemodynamics. The changes in autonomic nervous system activity for hemodynamics adaptation in pregnant horses are still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 Thai native crossbred mares without any cardiac abnormalities were included in this study. The animals were assigned into two groups, a non-pregnant mare group (n =12) and a pregnant mare group (n = 11). Electrocardiogram recordings (paper speed = 25 mm/s and calibration = 10 mm/mV) were performed to obtain six limb leads (leads I, II, III, aVR, aVL, and aVF). The vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) was calculated to assess variability in heart rate over short periods using just 20 consecutive beats. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiography. Results: Heart rate, P wave duration, PR interval, QRS duration, QT interval, and T wave duration were significantly different between non-pregnant and pregnant horses (p < 0.05). Pregnant horses had significantly lower VVTI than non-pregnant (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in cardiac structures including % interventricular septum (IVS), % left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), IVS in diastole, left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole, LVPW thickness at end-diastole, IVS in systole, left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole, LVPW thickness at end-systole, and left atrium/aortic roots ratio between the two groups. However, the pregnant horses had a significantly higher cardiac output and % ejection fraction than non-pregnant horses (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study provided the first evidence that hemodynamic adaptations during pregnancy modified cardiac conduction, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses. Keywords: echocardiography, electrocardiogram, horses, pregnancy, vasovagal tonus index.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses

Chompoosan,

Pongthaisong,

Kenchaiwong

et al. 2023

Vet World

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Evaluation of vasovagal tonus index and electrocardiographic parameters in horses using a new modified base apex lead method

Pontaema,

Pongthaisong,

Kenchaiwong

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) serves as a straightforward assessment tool for autonomic function during both physiological and pathological conditions, including pregnancy, in horses. Obtaining VVTI through a modified base apex lead system could be a practical and comfortable solution. In this study, we assessed VVTI in horses with respect to training status and electrocardiographic measurements utilizing a novel modified base apex lead technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 Thai native crossbred horses and 12 Arabian horses, all free of cardiac abnormalities, were enrolled in the study. Animals underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) and VVTI using both the base-apex lead method and its modified version. 25 mm/s and 10 mm/mV ECG recordings provided standard bipolar limb leads. The amplitudes and durations of P waves, QRS complexes, PR interval, QT interval, and T duration were assessed. The T wave’s shape was examined. Each recording’s R-R interval was utilized to assess heart rate. Twenty consecutive beats were used to compute the variability of heart rate (VVTI). Results: The P wave amplitude was the only significant difference (p < 0.05) between the base apex lead method and the modified base apex lead method, with no variations in heart rate, P duration, PR interval, T duration, and QRS duration and amplitude. Both methods showed mainly biphasic T wave patterns. The VVTI values of all horses did not differ significantly between the base apex and modified base apex methods. There was no significant difference in VVTI between Thai crossbred horses and Arabian horses in either method. Conclusion: This study provided the first evidence that VVTI can be evaluated using the modified base apex lead system and may be useful for cardiovascular function monitoring in horses. Keywords: electrocardiogram, evaluation, horses, vasovagal tonus index.

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Validation of an Equine Smart Textile System for Heart Rate Variability: A Preliminary Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses

Effects of pregnancy on electrocardiographic, vasovagal tonus index, and echocardiographic variables in horses

Evaluation of vasovagal tonus index and electrocardiographic parameters in horses using a new modified base apex lead method

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