Validation of Aerobic Capacity (VO2max) and Lactate Threshold in Wearable Technology for Athletic Populations

Abstract

As wearable technology (WT) has evolved, devices have developed the ability to track a range of physiological variables. These include maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) and lactate threshold (LT). With WT quickly growing in popularity, independent evaluation of these devices is important to determine the appropriate use-cases for the devices. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the validity of WT in producing estimates of VO2max and LT in athletic populations. METHODS: 21 participants completed laboratory LT and VO2max testing, as well as an outdoor testing session guided by the WT being tested (Garmin fēnix 6® watch and accompanying heart rate monitor). Statistical analysis was completed, using hypothesis testing (ANOVA, t-test), correlation analysis (Pearson’s r, Lin’s Concordance Correlation [CCC]), error analysis (mean absolute percentage error [MAPE]), equivalence testing (TOST test), and bias assessment (Bland–Altman analysis). RESULTS: The Garmin watch was found to have acceptable agreement for VO2max when compared to the 1 min averaged values (MAPE = 6.85%, CCC = 0.7) and for LT and the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), (MAPE = 7.52%, CCC = 0.79; MAPE = 8.20%, CCC = 0.74, respectively). Therefore, the Garmin fēnix 6® produces accurate measurements of VO2max and LT in athletic populations and can be used to make training decisions among athletes.

Lactate threshold training to improve longdistance running performance: A narrative review

“…et al, 2023). From a practical perspective, tailoring LT training programs to individual lactate thresholds and performance goals increases training effectiveness (Stone et al, 2022), and real-time monitoring of lactate levels and performance metrics using wearable technology and apps provides valuable insights for optimizing LT training (Carrier et al, 2023).…”

“…(i) Race pace, where training at or slightly above race pace during LT sessions helps runners acclimate to the intensity, they will face on race day (Mumux Mirani., 2022;Bossi et al, 2017); (ii) Practicing negative splitting in LT training runs teaches runners to finish races strong by maintaining a consistent pace and then accelerating (Casado et al, 2023). Finally, practical applications of LT training should be applied considering the real-world scenario with special consideration of terrain and altitude, whereby adapting LT training to different terrain and altitude mimics race conditions and prepares runners for different challenges (Carrier et al, 2023). Likewise, proper fueling and hydration strategies are an essential part of successful LT training and race day performance (Stone et al, 2022).…”

“…This is a valuable indicator of progress (Foster et al, 2017). Finally, the influence of environmental factors such as temperature and altitude on LT training progress must be monitored and training adjusted if necessary (Carrier et al 2023). Additionally, regular nutritional assessments and adjustments must be made to support training adaptations (Stone et al, 2022).…”