Validation of a simple gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method for the determination of gamma-butyrolactone in human plasma

Carbon isotopic ratio analysis by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the detection of gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) administration to humans

“…Gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization or mass spectrometry (MS) detection is routinely used for determining GHB concentrations in biological fluids 9, 12. Usually, GHB is analyzed either after formation of a di‐TMS derivative9 or after cyclization to gamma‐butyrolactone (GBL) in strong acidic medium 13. Conversion of GHB into GBL is an intramolecular process with the loss of one molecule of water and thus does not lead to introduction of additional carbon atoms (Fig.…”

“…Methods for quantification of GHB concentration involve initial lactone formation under acidic conditions, followed by liquid‐liquid extraction in chloroform or dichloromethane prior to GC or GC/MS detection 1. Although this methodology provides reproducible results for quantification of low level concentrations of GHB (about 10 µg/L),13 it resulted in no analyzable urine sample at concentrations lower than 100 mg/L by GC/C/IRMS. For compound‐specific isotope analysis (CSIA) by GC/C/IRMS, it is of paramount importance to have a full baseline separation of GC components to avoid partial peak integration that will alter the measured δ value 18…”

UFT and its metabolite γ-butyrolactone (GBL) inhibit angiogenesis induced by vascular endothelial growth factor in advanced cervical carcinoma

“…In this study, we established a sensitive and simple method for measurement of serum GBL using GC-MS system [22]. The range of the previous GBL assay was 200-5,000 ng/ml.…”

“…The method of GBL analysis reported by Au and Sadee was modified [10], and determination was performed as described previously [22]. In brief, GBL was purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals (Osaka, Japan) and GBL-d 6 was obtained from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA).…”

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid endogenous production and post-mortem behaviour – The importance of different biological matrices, cut-off reference values, sample collection and storage conditions

“…Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (gamma-hydroxybutyrate; GHB) (Fig. 1) is known to be an endogenous, naturally occurring, short-chained fatty acid compound found in mammalian tissues, with wide distribution and action in several brain areas (including hippocampus, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and substantia nigra) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Although it was first synthesised in 1960, researchers rapidly found out that it was an endogenous compound.…”