Validation of a QuEChERS‐Based Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) Method for Analysis of Phthalate Esters in Grain Sorghum

Sun, Xiaotao; Dong, Wei; Liu, Miao; Shen, Caihong; Zhang, Yuyu; Sun, Jinyuan; Sun, Baoguo; Li, Hehe; Chen, Feng

doi:10.1111/1750-3841.14063

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…PAEs are metabolized into monoesters in plants, thereby significantly increasing the exposure risk to human beings . At present, PAEs have been detected in plants including cereals, − fruits and vegetables, ,− tea, − etc., of which PAEs contamination has been deeply explored in cereals, fruits, and vegetables but rarely in tea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Phthalate Esters in Tea Plants Growing Different Geographical Environments and an Attempt on Their Risk Assessment

Wang

Shanjie

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The phthalate esters (PAEs) have become ubiquitous pollutants. In the present work, we investigated their pollution on teas. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), and di-(2ethyl) hexyl phthalate (DEHP) were detected in all fresh tea leaves with DBP being the major congener of PAEs in teas followed by DiBP and DEHP. Seasonal variation, spatial distribution difference, correlationship of environmental factors, and potential health risks of PAEs were analyzed. The PAEs content in one bud and two leaves was lower than that in upper mature leaves in tea plants. The PAEs content in fresh tea leaves was the lowest in spring, while it was high in autumn and winter. The correlation analysis results showed that PAEs had significantly negative correlation with ambient air temperature, while it was positively correlated with the air quality index. PAEs analysis of spring tea in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces further indicated that the factor of provincial regions had little impact on the PAEs pollution level in tea. By contrast, the different environmental areas significantly affected PAE pollution, especially the agricultural areas. The human daily intake-based (13 g/day) risk assessment indicated that both the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks (1.76 × 10 −7 -6.12 × 10 −7 ) of PAEs via tea consumption were acceptable, with the estrogen equivalence (1.60−6.29 ng E 2 /kg) being at a medium level. This study provides significant information for pollution control and risk assessment of PAEs in Chinese tea production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Phthalate Esters in Tea Plants Growing Different Geographical Environments and an Attempt on Their Risk Assessment

Wang

Shanjie

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…In recent years, many methods have been established to determine PAEs including gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS), liquid chromatography MS (LC–MS), and isotope dilution MS (IDMS) 10–19 . Among the methods used for PAEs determination, isotope dilution MS was provided with the best precision and accuracy because it could effectively avoid the interference of complex matrix and analyte losses in sample preparation 20,21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient and general method for the synthesis of stable isotope deuterium labeled phthalate esters

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2021

Labelled Comp Radiopharmac

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An efficient and general synthetic route of deuterium‐labeled phthalate esters is described with high isotopic enrichment and excellent chemical purities using inexpensive and readily available o‐xylene‐D10 as labeled starting material. The structures and isotope‐abundance were confirmed via 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. These deuterium labeled phthalate esters can be used as analytical reference standards for the detection of plasticizer residues in soil, water, food, plastic products, etc.

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“…Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers in a number of consumer products, including food‐packaging bags and toys, among others, because they enhance the flexibilities, elasticities, and durabilities of plastic products (Di Bella et al., 2018; Otero et al., 2015). Due to the harmful health effects of several PAEs as human cancer‐causing agents, endocrine disruptors, and their impacts on reproductive toxicity in multiple organ systems, including the liver, kidney, and heart (Fan et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2018), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Union have listed certain PAEs as priority substances whose use need to be addressed (González‐Sálamo, Socas‐Rodríguez, Hernández‐Borges, & Rodríguez‐Delgado, 2017; Santana‐Mayor, Socas‐Rodríguez, del Mar Afonso, Palenzuela‐López, & Rodríguez‐Delgado, 2018). Despite this, PAE legislation for environmental samples remains insufficient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic solid‐phase extraction based on magnetic carbon particles from coffee grounds for determining phthalic acid esters in plastic bottled water

Song

Lim

Choi

et al. 2020

Journal of Food Science

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Newly developed magnetic carbon particles prepared from coffee grounds were used as the sorbent for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of eight phthalic acid esters (PAEs) from plastic bottled water prior to their analysis by GC-MS. The method, which uses coffee-ground particles coated with iron oxide, was validated, and exhibited linearities for the eight PAEs, with coefficients of determination above 0.998 in the 0.005 to 0.1 mg/L concentration range. Limits of detection and limits of quantification of 0.00003 to 0.002 mg/L and 0.0001 to 0.005 mg/L, respectively, were achieved, with recoveries (%) ranging between 77% and 120%, and relative standard deviations for intra-and interday precisions below 16.3% at three fortification levels. No PAE residues were detected when the developed and validated method was applied to 10 real plastic bottled water samples. Taken together, the developed magnetic solid-phase extraction method is a useful tool for monitoring phthalate esters in aqueous samples.Practical Application: The development of a new, inexpensive, and efficient magnetic sorption material derived from spent coffee grounds, and its ability to determine phthalate esters in aqueous solutions was described by GC-MS/MS. The developed magnetic solid-phase extraction method is a useful tool for monitoring phthalate esters in aqueous samples.

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Validation of a QuEChERS‐Based Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry (GC‐MS) Method for Analysis of Phthalate Esters in Grain Sorghum

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Phthalate Esters in Tea Plants Growing Different Geographical Environments and an Attempt on Their Risk Assessment

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Phthalate Esters in Tea Plants Growing Different Geographical Environments and an Attempt on Their Risk Assessment

An efficient and general method for the synthesis of stable isotope deuterium labeled phthalate esters

Magnetic solid‐phase extraction based on magnetic carbon particles from coffee grounds for determining phthalic acid esters in plastic bottled water

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