Validation of a porcine comb burn model

Singer, Adam J.; McClain, Steve A.; Taira, Breena R.; Romanov, Alexander; Rooney, Jean; Zimmerman, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2008.02.019

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…15,16 Animals were sedated with a combination of acepromazine 0.1 mg/kg, atropine 0.02 mg/kg, ketamine 20 mg/kg, and xylazine 2 mg/kg by intramuscular injection. 15,16 Animals were sedated with a combination of acepromazine 0.1 mg/kg, atropine 0.02 mg/kg, ketamine 20 mg/kg, and xylazine 2 mg/kg by intramuscular injection.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This brass comb, with four prongs separated by three 5-mm notches, produced four distinctive burns sites separated by three "interspaces" of unburned skin ( Figure 1B). 16 The 150-g brass comb (20 × 20 × 55 mm) was preheated in hot water (100°C) for 5 minutes and applied perpendicularly to the skin for 30 seconds with 1 to 2 kg of pressure. 16 The 150-g brass comb (20 × 20 × 55 mm) was preheated in hot water (100°C) for 5 minutes and applied perpendicularly to the skin for 30 seconds with 1 to 2 kg of pressure.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, immediate burn excision could potentially address the clinical unmet need for an intervention that attenuates burn injury progression. The previously established and validated contact thermal injury model in the pig 15,16 was used for this study. 9 Although many mechanisms of burn injury progression have been proposed in the literature, there remains a need for practical research tools that can distinguish and validate these mechanisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Immediate Burn Excision Fails to Reduce Injury Progression

Macri

Singer

Taira

et al. 2013

Journal of Burn Care & Research

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The contact thermal injury model in the pig was used to determine whether immediate burn excision could alter the extent of injury progression. It was hypothesized that immediate excision of burns would prevent or reduce tissue necrosis in the uninjured interspaces. Four comb burns were created on the back of each animal, using a brass comb preheated in hot water (100 °C) for 5 minutes. This brass comb produced four distinctive burns sites separated by three "interspaces" of unburned skin, which were to undergo progressive injury. Immediately after burn creation, half of the full-thickness burns were excised leaving the unburned interspaces intact. Two full-thickness excisional wounds per pig with the dimensions identical to the comb burns were included as controls. Burn injury progression was microscopically assessed and reported as the percentage of unburned interspaces that progressed to full-thickness necrosis 7 days after injury. Scar formation was grossly evaluated on day 28 after injury and reported as the total surface area (in square centimeters) of the scar. A total of 24 combs with 72 interspaces were evenly distributed among the three groups. The unburned interspaces of both comb burns and excised comb burns had undergone progressive injury and were 100% dead (24/24; i.e., necrotic and/or apoptotic) 7 days postinjury (95% confidence interval, 86-100%) for both. However, interspaces of the control excisional wounds maintained complete viability, that is, no necrosis or apoptosis (0/24 [0%]; 95% confidence interval, 0-14%; P < .001). There was no significant difference in both surface area and depth of scar resulting from excised and nonexcised comb burns. Immediate burn excision neither prevented nor limited burn injury progression.

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Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immediate Burn Excision Fails to Reduce Injury Progression

Macri

Singer

Taira

et al. 2013

Journal of Burn Care & Research

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“…4 We have utilized this model extensively in rats, 5, 6 and more recently in pigs. 7 In this model several full-thickness rectangular burns are created that are separated by thin strips of unburned skin that represent zones of stasis as described by Jackson. 8 With this model, when left untreated, most of the unburned interspaces undergo full thickness necrosis over the course of 2–3 days after injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 With this model, when left untreated, most of the unburned interspaces undergo full thickness necrosis over the course of 2–3 days after injury. 4, 7 Using this model, a number of potential therapeutic agents aimed at minimizing burns injury progression have been investigated. 5, 6 While perhaps useful as a screening tool in the rat, this model is not representative of most clinical burns in humans, where burn injury progression occurs not only in the horizontal plane, but also in the vertical plane as partial-thickness burns convert to full-thickness burns requiring excision and grafting to minimize scarring and contractures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Vertical Progression Porcine Burn Model

Singer

Hirth

McClain

et al. 2011

Journal of Burn Care & Research

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Background A major potential goal of burn therapy is to limit progression of partial to full-thickness) burns. To better test therapies, we developed and validated a vertical progression porcine burn model in which partial thickness burns treated with an occlusive dressing convert to full thickness burns that heal with scarring and wound contraction. Methods Forty contact burns were created on the backs and flanks of two young swine using a 150 gm aluminum bar preheated to 70°, 80°, or 90°Celsius for 20 or 30 seconds. The necrotic epidermis was removed and the burns were covered with a polyurethane occlusive dressing. Burns were photographed at 1, 24, and 48 hours as well as at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post injury. Full thickness biopsies were obtained at 1, 4, 24, and 48 hours, as well as at 7 and 28 days. The primary outcomes were presence of deep contracted scars and wound area 28 days after injury. Secondary outcomes were depth of injury, reepithelialization, and depth of scars. Data were compared across burn conditions using ANOVA and χ2 tests. Results Eight replicate burns were created with the aluminum bar using the following temperature/contact-time combinations: 70/20, 70/30, 80/20, 80/30, and 90/20. The percentage of burns healing with contracted scars were 70/20–0%, 70/30–25%, 80/20–50%, 80/30–75%, and 90/20–100% (P=0.05). Wound areas at 28 days by injury conditions were 70/20–8.1 cm2, 70/30–7.8 cm2, 80/20–6.6 cm2, 80/30–4.9 cm2, and 90/20–4.8 cm2 (P=0.007). Depth of injury judged by depth of endothelial damage for the 80/20 and 80/30 burns at 1 hr was 36% and 60% of the dermal thickness respectively. The depth of injury to the endothelial cells 1 hour after injury was inversely correlated with the degree of scar area (Pearson’s correlation r=−0.71, P<0.001). Conclusions Exposure of porcine skin to an aluminum bar preheated to 80°C for 20 or 30 seconds results initially in a partial thickness burn that when treated with an occlusive dressing progresses to a full thickness injury and heals with significant scarring and wound contracture.

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Human neonatal stem cell‐derived skin substitute improves healing of severe burn wounds in a rat model

Mahmood

Mehmood

Choudhery

et al. 2019

Cell Biology International

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Conventional approaches can repair minor skin injuries; however, severe burn injuries require innovative approaches for efficient and better wound repair. Recent studies indicate that stem cell-based regenerative therapies can restore severe damaged skin both structurally and functionally. The current study aims to evaluate the wound healing potential of skin substitute derived from human neonatal stem cells (hNSCs) using a severe burn injury rat model. Amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from placenta (a source of neonatal stem cells) by explant culture method. After characterization, AECs and umbilical cord-MSCs were differentiated into keratinocyte and fibroblasts, respectively. Morphological changes, and expression of corresponding keratinocyte and fibroblast specific markers were used to verify differentiation into respective lineage. A skin substitute was developed by mixing hNSCs-derived skin cells (hNSCs-SCs) in plasma for transplantation in a rat model of severe burn injury. Results indicated that placenta-derived AECs and MSCs were efficiently differentiated into skin cells, that is, keratinocytes and fibroblasts, respectively, as indicated by morphological changes, immunostaining, and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Further, transplantation of hNSCs-SCs seeded in plasma significantly improved basic skin architecture, re-epithelization rate, and wound healing concurrent with reduced apoptosis. In conclusion, neonatal stem cell-derived skin substitute efficiently improved severe burn wounds in a rat model of burn injury. Unique properties of placenta-derived stem cells make them superlative candidates for the development of "off-the-shelf" artificial skin substitutes for future use.

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Validation of a porcine comb burn model

Cited by 34 publications

References 14 publications

Immediate Burn Excision Fails to Reduce Injury Progression

Immediate Burn Excision Fails to Reduce Injury Progression

Validation of a Vertical Progression Porcine Burn Model

Human neonatal stem cell‐derived skin substitute improves healing of severe burn wounds in a rat model

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