Validation of a Passive Solar Drying System Using Pineapple

Abstract

Wasted produce is a pertinent issue in agriculture, with billions of tons of produce going to waste even before it hits markets. Specifically, in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), nearly half of all produce is lost before market. To combat this, the Agricycle® passive solar drier was designed to provide a cost-effective method of drying fruit for preservation. Using a psychrometric chamber to simulate the SSA environment, vitamin C, total phenolic contents, and iron tests were conducted, along with microbial content determination, water content determination, dissolved solids testing, and color and microstructure analyses to validate passive solar drying, comparing the results to freeze-dried samples. Nutritional contents were comparable between fresh, freeze-dried, and solar-dried samples, with a loss in vitamin C (statistically significant), total phenolic contents, and dissolved solids during solar drying. The microbial analysis for solar-dried samples was below standard limits, and the water content in the solar-dried samples was ~10% w.b. (<20% w.b.) compared to ~3% w.b. of the freeze-dried samples. Although having comparable vitamin C, total phenolic contents, and iron values, freeze-dried and solar dried samples showed very different colors and microstructures based on colorimetry and SEM imaging. In conclusion, the Agricycle® passive solar drier is a promising alternative approach for food preservation.