Validation of a finite element model with six-year-old child anatomical characteristics as specified in Euro NCAP Pedestrian Human Model Certification (TB024)

Li, Haiyan; Li, Kun; Huang, Yongqiang; Lv, Wenle; Shen, Chen; He, Liang; Ruan, Jesse; Wang, Chunxiang

doi:10.1080/10255842.2020.1810677

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The study by [68] presented anonymised results for different human body models, and it was shown that certain models at their then-state did not satisfy the acceptable tolerance corridors for head impact time or body segment's centre of gravity trajectories. Since then, publications reporting improvements and compliance of various models have been published: MADYMO [3], GHBMC Simplified Pedestrian AM50 [26], TUST 6yo [78]. TB024 in its initial version provided kinematic corridors for the 50th percentile male model only.…”

Section: Euroncap Tb024mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These groups include: an average female [117], so far largely underrepresented in the crash test protocols, as well as children [93] or disabled road users [163]. Modelling bodies of children [50,78,100,126,153] or the elderly pedestrians [56] remain in line with the efforts for introducing equity to the field of road safety.…”

Section: Geometry Sources Scalability Morphingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Approaches to Pedestrian Impact Simulation with Human Body Models: A Review

Wdowicz

Ptak

2023

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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The review paper discusses numerical human body models of pedestrians. The background of current trends in physical and mathematical pedestrian research is presented. Development, validation and areas of application of pedestrian body models are described. The differences between multibody models and finite element models are presented. Accident-based and experimental approaches to validation of the models are discussed. As a novelty, this paper presents an overview of multibody models used in forensic investigations, discusses their usefulness, and differences between their design and the design of more advanced multibody and finite element models. Finally, the most recent trends in human body modelling are discussed, including open-source approaches to model distribution and replacement of physical tests by digital simulations.

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Section: Euroncap Tb024mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geometry Sources Scalability Morphingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Approaches to Pedestrian Impact Simulation with Human Body Models: A Review

Wdowicz

Ptak

2023

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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“…The material properties used in the 6YO child FE model were obtained from the literature (Untaroiu et al, 2005;Zhao and Norwani, 2007;Jiang et al, 2012;Lv et al, 2015;Lv WL. et al, 2016;Li et al, 2017a) and obtained by scaling adult material properties, which are summarized in Supplementary Appendix SA by Li et al (2020). It should be noted that the scaling factor was obtained based on the existing child and adult tissue material parameters.…”

Section: -Year-old Child Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model includes internal organs, skeletal tissues, muscles, ligaments, skin, and fat, as shown in Figure 2, which had been verified through the reconstruction of frontal impacts at different velocities (Ouyang et al, 2006;Ouyang et al, 2015) and lateral impact experiments at several angles (Shaw et al, 2006;Viano et al, 1989) in the literature (frontal impacts: Lv et al, 2015;Cui et al, 2016;lateral impacts: Lv et al, 2016b). Detailed information of the 6YO child FE model validation at the sub-model level is summarized in Supplementary Appendix SB by Li et al (2020).…”

Section: -Year-old Child Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury study of the 6-year-old pediatric thorax and abdomen in frontal sled tests using different computational models

Li¹,

Lv²,

Hynčík³

et al. 2022

Front. Future Transp.

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The correct use of a child restraint system (CRS) is an effective internationally recognized measure to protect the safety of child occupants which can reduce the probability of child road traffic accident deaths by 54–80%. Finite element (FE) analysis is one important method with which to study the protection of child occupants. The aim of this study was to investigate thoracic and abdominal injuries and the protective effect of CRS on child occupants in 6-year-old (6YO) children in a frontal sled test using different computational models. In this study, a verified FE model of a 6YO child occupant was placed in the FE model of a CRS with a three-point safety belt. In the simulation setup phase, the frontal sled simulation of the 6YO FE model was reconstructed by applying the AAMA pulse. Based on the simulation data of the Q6 dummy FE model (Q6) and the 6YO child Virthuman model (V6) from previous studies, the frontal sled test simulation of a verified 6YO child FE model with detailed anatomical structures (TUST IBMs 6YO) was carried out to analyze pediatric thorax and abdomen injuries under the same experimental conditions. According to the simulation results, the variation tendencies of the simulation responses such as chest acceleration and compression are consistent with each other, which can provide effective information for the design of a CRS. In addition, the simulation results of the TUST IBMs 6YO can provide a variety of simulation data, such as the maximum first principal strain value and nephogram, of the internal organs of the chest and abdomen, providing a theoretical basis for the performance analysis and later development of a CRS.

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Understanding Head Injury Risks during Car-to-Pedestrian Collisions Using Realistic Vehicle and Detailed Human Body Models

Gunasekaran,

Islam,

Mao

2023

Stapp Car Crash Journal

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and long-term disability in road traffic accidents (RTAs). Researchers have examined the effect of vehicle front shape and pedestrian body size on the risk of pedestrian head injury. On the other hand, the relationship between vehicle front shape parameters and pedestrian TBI risks involving a diverse population with varying body sizes has yet to be investigated. Thus, the purpose of this study was to comprehensively study the effect of vehicle front shape parameters and various pedestrian bodies ranging from 95th percentile male (AM95) to 6 years old (YO) child on the dynamic response of the head and the risk of TBIs during primary (vehicle) impact. At three different collision speeds (30, 40, and 50 km/h), a total of 36 car-to-pedestrian collisions (CPCs) were reconstructed using three different vehicle types (Subcompact passenger sedan, mid-sedan, and sports utility vehicle (SUV)) and four distinct THUMS pedestrian finite element (FE) models (AM50, AM95, AF05, and 6YO). We assessed skull stress and brain strains besides head linear and rotational kinematics. Our findings indicate that vehicle shape parameters especially bonnet leading edge height (BLEH), when being divided by the height of the Center of Gravity of the human body, correlated positively to head kinematics. The data from this study using realistic vehicle structures and detailed human body models showed that smaller BLEH/CG ratios reduced head injury criteria (HIC) and brain injury criteria (BrIC) values for the car center to mid-stance walking pedestrian impacts but with low-to-moderate R squared values between 0.2 to 0.5. Smaller BLEH/CG reduced head lateral bending velocities with R squared values of 0.57 to 0.63 for all impact velocities, and reduced HIC with R squared value of 0.62 for 50 km/h cases. In the future, simulations with realistic car structures and detailed human body models will be further used to simulate impacts at different locations and with various body shapes/postures.</div></div>

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Validation of a finite element model with six-year-old child anatomical characteristics as specified in Euro NCAP Pedestrian Human Model Certification (TB024)

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Numerical Approaches to Pedestrian Impact Simulation with Human Body Models: A Review

Numerical Approaches to Pedestrian Impact Simulation with Human Body Models: A Review

Injury study of the 6-year-old pediatric thorax and abdomen in frontal sled tests using different computational models

Understanding Head Injury Risks during Car-to-Pedestrian Collisions Using Realistic Vehicle and Detailed Human Body Models

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