Validation of a diffusive sampling method for airborne low-molecular isocyanates using 4-nitro-7-piperazinobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-impregnated filters and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Henneken, Hartmut; Hayen, Heiko; Vogel, Martin; Kärst, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.098

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Nowadays, the analyses of isocyanates, either from airborne samples, insulating and adhesive foams, sealing waxes, hardeners, primers or surface coatings, are based mainly on the derivatization of the isocyanates with different nucleophiles (secondary amines and alcohols), followed by chromatographic separation and quantication using a specic detector. Examples of amine-based derivatization agents are n-dibutylamine (DBA), 18,19 1-(anthracene-9-yl)-N-methylmethanamine (or 9-(methylaminomethyl)anthracene, MAMA), [20][21][22][23][24][25] 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine (2-PP), [26][27][28] 1-(9-anthracenylmethyl)piperazine (MAP), 20,26 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine (2-MP), 20,26,[29][30][31][32][33] 4nitro-7-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBDPZ) [34][35][36] and Nbenzylmethylamine (NBMA, rst introduced in this paper). Alcohols used include methanol and ethanol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI⁺-MS/MS analysis of free monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in polyurethane foams and prepolymers after stabilization with NBMA a new derivatizating agent

et al. 2014

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The total amount of residual free monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, fmMDI, in polyurethane foams and prepolymers has been lowered by EU and US EPA legislation due to their harmful effects on human health. A new HPLC method using either UV or mass spectrometry detection has been developed for quantitative analysis of fmMDI. The isocyanate group is stabilized with a new derivatizating amine, N-benzylmethylamine (NBMA), resulting in analytes that are considerably more soluble in solvents routinely used in HPLC than previous methods. The naphthyl isocyanate-NBMA derivative is used as an internal standard, either in the calibration curve method or the standard addition method. Mass spectra of the three compounds of interest (NBMA, fmMDI NBMA derivative, and naphthyl isocyanate NBMA derivative) have been obtained and structural assignment of the major fragment peaks has been accomplished, thus establishing relevant parent-daughter mass transitions in ESI + -MS/MS mode that made the quantitation process highly specific for NBMA derivatives of fmMDI isomers. UV detection uses a wavelength of 254 nm. The HPLC separation is accomplished by columns packed with 5 mm reversephase C18 particles. Intra-and inter-day precision for both methods are below the limits established by the Horwitz equation, and the accuracy was measured at 108-111% recovery for both methods. The method does not use toluene, xylene, DMF, DMSO or chlorinated compounds. The use of MS/MS detection considerably reduces the possibility of false or grossly inflated results, avoiding errors that are common in GPC-UV underivatized measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI⁺-MS/MS analysis of free monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in polyurethane foams and prepolymers after stabilization with NBMA a new derivatizating agent

et al. 2014

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“…Moreover, there is also a greater chance of carryover when larger quantities of analytes are present. These methods are therefore not suitable for quantitative purposes (Henneken et al 2006).…”

Section: Sampling Of Isocyanatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When comparing the different derivatisation agents, Henneken et al (Henneken et al 2006) established that even though some of the established methods endorsed by agencies, such as the OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 1989a; Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 1989b) uses 2-PP; derivatisation by MAMA and MPP achieves greater stability and sensitivity. Moreover, 2-PP also demonstrates stability problems if not properly stored before sampling (Streicher et al 1996).…”

Section: Derivatisation Of Isocyanatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As isocyanates are highly reactive compounds, there is need for rapid stabilisation after sampling (Henneken et al 2006). Some studies reports of sampling of isocyanates without derivatisation, either by collecting them on a modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) resin followed by thermal desorption (Bianchi et al 1997), or by direct injection via headspace (Harden & Shoff 1997).…”

Section: Derivatisation Of Isocyanatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, during prolonged sampling with an impinger, the solvent containing the derivatisation agent could evaporate. Denuder or dry sampling methods, such as the ISO-CHECK® three stage filter system, as well as passive sampling methods where the isocyanates are absorbed onto a filter without using any pumps or other assistance, have been developed for personal sampling and/or prolonged sampling times (Marand et al 2005;Gylestam et al 2014;Henneken et al 2006;Henneken et al 2003;von Zweigbergk et al 2002;Nordqvist et al 2005). Furthermore, these solvent-free, filter-based methods do not need any field preparation or fragile glassware, such as an impinger (Gylestam et al 2014).…”

Section: Sampling Of Isocyanatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of isocyanates in fire toxicity

2016

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Isocyanates are a group of low molecular weight, highly reactive compounds with a functional isocyanate group. The main human exposure route is via inhalation of airborne isocyanates, although dermal exposure has also been reported. The inhalation of isocyanates is associated with severely adverse health effects such as asthma, inflammation in the respiratory tract and cancer. During thermal degradation of polyurethane materials, airborne isocyanates can be sampled in the fire effluent. This paper discusses the reactivity and commercial applications of isocyanates and the generation of airborne isocyanates during thermal degradation, the human health effects as well as the environmental fate of some of the most commercially important isocyanates. This is followed by a review of the generation of isocyanates from large-scale fire testing and bench-scale test methods as well as sampling techniques and derivatisation agents necessary to stabilise the isocyanates and analysis.

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Current literature in mass spectrometry

2007

J. Mass Spectrom.

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1 REVIEWS Akashi S. Structural and functional characterization of biological macromolecules by mass spectrometry (Japanese, English Abstract). Yakugaku Zasshi 2006; 126: 915. Alder L, Greulich K, Kempe G, Vieth B. Residue analysis of 500 high priority pesticides: Better by GC-MS or LC-MS/MS? Mass Spectrom Rev 2006; 25: 838. Chaurand P, Norris JL, Cornett DS, Mobley JA, Caprioli RM. New developments in profiling and imaging of proteins from tissue sections by MALDI mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2006; 5: 2889. Downard KM. Ions of the interactome: The role of MS in the study of protein interactions in proteomics and structural biology. Proteomics 2006; 6: 5374. Englander SW. Hydrogen exchange and mass spectrometry: A historical perspective. -residue analytical methods using LC-tandem MS for the determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental and wastewater samples: A review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386: 941. Haslam SM, North SJ, Dell A. Mass spectrometric analysis of N-and O-glycosylation of tissues and cells. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2006; 16: 584. Kuster M, De Alda ML, Barcelo D. Analysis of pesticides in water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric techniques. Mass Spectrom Rev 2006; 25: 900. Lacorte S, Fernandez-Albaz AR. Time of flight mass spectrometry applied to the liquid chromatographic analysis of pesticides in water and food. Mass Spectrom Rev 2006; 25: 866. Leitner A, Lindner W. Chemistry meets proteomics: The use of chemical tagging reactions for MS-based proteomics. Proteomics 2006; 6: 5418. Michel R, Castner DG. Advances in time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of protein films. Surf Interface Anal 2006; 38: 1386. Nash DG, Baer T, Johnston MV. Aerosol mass spectrometry: An introductory review. Int J Mass Spectrom 2006; 258: 2. Nibbering NMM. Four decades of joy in mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom Rev 2006; 25: 962. Niessen WMA, Manini P, Andreoli R. Matrix effects in quantitative pesticide analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom Rev 2006; 25: 881. Pico Y, Font G, Ruiz MJ, Fernandez M. Control of pesticide residues by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to ensure food safety. Mass Spectrom Rev 2006; 25: 917. Qian WJ, Jacobs JM, Liu T, Camp DG, Smith RD. Advances and challenges in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomics profiling for clinical applications. Mol Cell Proteomics 2006; 5: 1727. Villagrasa M, De Alda ML, Barcelo D. Environmental analysis of fluorinated alkyl substances by liquid chromatography-(tandem) mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386: 953.

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Validation of a diffusive sampling method for airborne low-molecular isocyanates using 4-nitro-7-piperazinobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-impregnated filters and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI⁺-MS/MS analysis of free monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in polyurethane foams and prepolymers after stabilization with NBMA a new derivatizating agent

HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI⁺-MS/MS analysis of free monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in polyurethane foams and prepolymers after stabilization with NBMA a new derivatizating agent

The role of isocyanates in fire toxicity

Current literature in mass spectrometry

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Validation of a diffusive sampling method for airborne low-molecular isocyanates using 4-nitro-7-piperazinobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-impregnated filters and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS analysis of free monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in polyurethane foams and prepolymers after stabilization with NBMA a new derivatizating agent

HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS analysis of free monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in polyurethane foams and prepolymers after stabilization with NBMA a new derivatizating agent

The role of isocyanates in fire toxicity

Current literature in mass spectrometry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI⁺-MS/MS analysis of free monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in polyurethane foams and prepolymers after stabilization with NBMA a new derivatizating agent

HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI⁺-MS/MS analysis of free monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate in polyurethane foams and prepolymers after stabilization with NBMA a new derivatizating agent