Validation of a behavioral recording automated system in the elevated plus-maze test

Ethological and temporal analyses of anxiety-like behavior: The elevated plus-maze model 20 years on

“…arm entry) Pellow et al, 1985;Lister, 1990;Espejo, 1997;Holmes and Rodgers, 1998 Method of scoring (i.e. live, manual/automated, videotape) Pellow et al, 1985;Holmes and Rodgers, 1998;Bertoglio and Carobrez, 2002b;Torres and Escarabajal, 2002 behavioral tasks is often not taken into account at all Ohl, 2003). Indeed, while the primary indices of EPM anxiety comprise spatiotemporal measures of open arm avoidance (% of entries and of time spent in), RA is a significant behavioral dimension, closely related to fear/anxiety, which has been almost entirely ignored not only in the EPM but also in other animal tests .…”

Validation of an automated system for measuring anxiety-related behaviours in the elevated plus maze

“…A potential problem with automated systems is their lack of sensitivity in detecting the position of a rodent's forepaws for arm entry in the plus maze (Torres and Escarabajal, 2002). This is important to consider given that using a 4 paw versus 2 paw requirement for arm entry, will undoubtedly change the spatiotemporal values provided by the automated system.…”

“…Indeed, observer-related variability in the definition of what constitutes a particular behaviour, and the technique used to score them, can contribute to inconsistent reporting both within and across laboratories. Automated systems have been introduced for a wide range of rodent behavioural tests, with the advantage of circumventing the subjective nature of behavioural scoring (Kurtuncu et al, 2005;Noldus et al, 2001;Spink et al, 2001;Torres and Escarabajal, 2002;Young and Johnson, 1991). These systems rely on either video tracking of a rodent's behaviour or use a series of apparatus-embedded lasers that translate beam breaks into spatiotemporal measures.…”

Effects of bark flour of Passiflora edulis on food intake, body weight and behavioral response of rats

“…The Rota Rod Test measures the muscle relaxation effect or motor incoordination produced, for example, by anxiolytics and/or sedatives (Torres and Escarabajal, 2002;Martínez-Vázquez et al, 2012). This test was conducted through two sessions (habituation in apparatus and test).…”

“…The methodology of the elevated plus maze (EPM) test was created by Lister in 1987 being a validated method to explore the neurobiological basis of anxiety (Torres and Escarabajal, 2002). The parameters evaluated in this test were: number of entries into the open and closed arms and time spent in the open and closed arms.…”