Validation of 3D documentation of palatal soft tissue shape, color, and irregularity with intraoral scanning

Abstract

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of 3D intraoral scanning for documentation of palatal soft tissue by evaluating the accuracy of shape, color, and curvature.Materials and methodsIntraoral scans of ten participants’ upper dentition and palate were acquired with the TRIOS® 3D intraoral scanner by two observers. Conventional impressions were taken and digitized as a gold standard. The resulting surface models were aligned using an Iterative Closest Point approach. The absolute distance measurements between the intraoral models and the digitized impression were used to quantify the trueness and precision of intraoral scanning. The mean color of the palatal soft tissue was extracted in HSV (hue, saturation, value) format to establish the color precision. Finally, the mean curvature of the surface models was calculated and used for surface irregularity.ResultsMean average distance error between the conventional impression models and the intraoral models was 0.02 ± 0.07 mm (p = 0.30). Mean interobserver color difference was − 0.08 ± 1.49° (p = 0.864), 0.28 ± 0.78% (p = 0.286), and 0.30 ± 1.14% (p = 0.426) for respectively hue, saturation, and value. The interobserver differences for overall and maximum surface irregularity were 0.01 ± 0.03 and 0.00 ± 0.05 mm.ConclusionsThis study supports the hypothesis that the intraoral scan can perform a 3D documentation of palatal soft tissue in terms of shape, color, and curvature.Clinical relevanceAn intraoral scanner can be an objective tool, adjunctive to the clinical examination of the palatal tissue.

Labial soft tissue contour dynamics following immediate implants and immediate provisionalization of single maxillary incisors: A 1‐year prospective study

“…The accuracy has been reported to be adequate to perform dimensional analysis. 16,[20][21][22] In the present study, labial soft tissue dynamics following IIPP treatment After immediate implant placement, structural changes of the soft tissue contour are ongoing and cannot be completely avoided. 12,13,23 The reasons are manifold, but chief among them may be physiological resorption of the underlying facial bundle bone wall in the healing period after extraction.…”

“…Intraoral scanning is now becoming a preferable method to directly obtain 3D data for the peri‐implant soft tissue. The accuracy has been reported to be adequate to perform dimensional analysis . In the present study, labial soft tissue dynamics following IIPP treatment were documented and investigated for the first time via intraoral scanning and subsequent 3D analysis.…”

“…• Single tooth failure of a maxillary anterior incisor (12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) with neighboring teeth present and healthy periodontal conditions;…”

Quantitative clinical adjustment analysis of posterior single implant crown in a chairside digital workflow: A randomized controlled trial

“…For many years, the ability to accurately assess clinical adjustment has yet to be fully elucidated. Given that the proliferation of accurate intraoral scanning machines has been driving up 3D measurement and analysis (Deferm et al, 2017;Gan, Xiong, & Jiao, 2016;Guth, Keul, Stimmelmayr, Beuer, & Edelhoff, 2013;Lee, Betensky, Gianneschi, & Gallucci, 2015), improvements in three-dimensional evaluation techniques have increased both the quality and morphology after clinical adjustment could be realized.…”

Digital scanning is more accurate than using a periodontal probe to measure the keratinized tissue width

“…The use of digital technology in dentistry has become tremendously popular, with its utilization expanding rapidly in various clinical and research fields 7,8 . Intraoral scanning can provide data on the shape of the outermost surfaces of teeth and dental implants, and recently has also been used to identify surrounding soft-tissue structures based on differences in color 9 . It is thus reasonable to suggest that the dimensions of the keratinized mucosa could be measured using intraoral scanning given the color difference between keratinized and nonkeratinized tissues.…”