cost-effective (each disposable bougie is about $8), are scalable, and contribute to first-attempt intubation success.We believe the goal of emergency airway management is to minimize intubation-associated complications by achieving near 100% first-attempt success; the device used is less important than the success achieved. Although the bougie may be a key device in achieving high success rates, perhaps other strategies not yet described can attain a similar or higher success rate. Until those strategies are described, however, it may be prudent for physicians who perform emergency airway management to strongly consider the routine use of a Macintoshstyle video laryngoscope and a bougie.