Validation and field application of a low-cost device to measure CO<sub>2</sub> and ET fluxes

Macagga, Reena; Asante, Michael; Sossa, Geoffroy; Antonijevic, Danica; Dubbert, Maren; Hoffmann, Mathias

doi:10.5194/egusphere-2023-553

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

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“…Frontiers in Sensors frontiersin.org adsorption (Elektronik, 2016;Sensirion, 2020;Macagga et al, 2023) or photoacoustic effect (Sensirion, 2023). Other specific sensor principles such as electrochemical cells for oxygen quantification come up in special applications that usually lie outside the scope of low-cost devices.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting quality in low-cost gas sensor devices for real-world applications

Reimringer,

Bur

2023

Front. Sens.

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Recent advancements in metal oxide semiconductor sensors enable system integrators to make sensor devices without the traditional complications of operating barebone sensor components. Anyone, so it seems, can put together multi-sensor-systems by combining an integrated sensor subsystem with a small piece of digital infrastructure, resulting in low-cost sensor systems or sensor networks for all kinds of applications. With low energy consumption, the deployment of close meshed sensor networks is becoming a reality, promising high density data for big data models. However, data quality is not necessarily a feature of such devices, since the device output signals are heavily processed and the insight into the actual operating technique is black-boxed by the respective sensor manufacturer. High volume production of a sensor model requires widely applicable output information, yet this mainstreaming negatively impacts quality control efforts on the system level as well as niche applications that require specialized operation modes. This article exemplarily examines the measurement chain of typical metal oxide semiconductor sensor applications and deduces requirements for a technically sound advancement of the subject for research and commercial purposes. Equivalent considerations can be made for any low-cost sensor principle and their respective challenges. The conclusion urges all stakeholders participating in the development and marketing of sensor devices to advance a scientifically valid state of knowledge and to educate their customers and even the general public accordingly.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting quality in low-cost gas sensor devices for real-world applications

Reimringer,

Bur

2023

Front. Sens.

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Validation and field application of a low-cost device to measure CO₂ and evapotranspiration (ET) fluxes

Macagga,

Asante,

Sossa

et al. 2024

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. Mitigating the global climate crisis and its consequences, such as more frequent and severe droughts, is one of the major challenges for future agriculture. Therefore, identifying land use systems and management practices that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promote water use efficiency (WUE) is crucial. This, however, requires accurate and precise measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes and evapotranspiration (ET). Despite that, commercial systems to measure CO2 and ET fluxes are expensive and thus often exclude research in ecosystems within the Global South. This is especially true for research and data of agroecosystems in these areas, which are to date still widely underrepresented. Here, we present a newly developed low-cost, non-dispersive infrared (NDIR)-based CO2 and ET flux measurement device (∼ EUR 200) that provides reliable, accurate and precise CO2 and ET flux measurements in conjunction with manually operated closed chambers. To validate the system, laboratory and field validation experiments were performed, testing multiple different low-cost sensors. We demonstrate that the system delivers accurate and precise CO2 and ET flux measurements using the K30 FR NDIR (CO2) and SHT31 (RH, relative humidity) sensor. An additional field trial application demonstrated its longer-term stability (> 3 months) and ability to obtain valid net ecosystem C balances (NECBs) and WUE. This was the case, even though environmental conditions at the field trial application site in sub-Saharan Africa were rather challenging (e.g., extremely high temperatures, humidity and rainfall). Consequently, the developed low-cost CO2 and ET flux measurement device not only provides reasonable results but also might help with democratizing science and closing current data gaps.

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Benefits of a robotic chamber system for determining evapotranspiration in an erosion-affected, heterogeneous cropland

Dahlmann,

Hoffmann,

Verch

et al. 2023

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In the light of the ongoing global climate crisis and the related increases in extreme hydrological events, it is crucial to assess ecosystem resilience and – in agricultural systems – to ensure sustainable management and food security. For this purpose, a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem water cycle budgets and spatiotemporal dynamics is indispensable. Evapotranspiration (ET) plays a pivotal role in returning up to 90 % of incoming precipitation back to the atmosphere. Here, we studied the impacts of soil types and management on an agroecosystem's seasonal cumulative ET (ETsum) and agronomic water use efficiency (WUEagro, the dry matter per unit of water used by the crop). To do so, a plot experiment with winter rye (17 September 2020 to 30 June 2021) was conducted in an eroded cropland which is located in the hilly and dry ground moraine landscape of the Uckermark region in northeastern Germany. Along the experimental plot (110 m × 16 m), two closed chambers were mounted on a robotic gantry crane system (FluxCrane as part of the AgroFlux platform) and used to determine ET. Three soil types representing the full soil erosion gradient related to the hummocky ground moraine landscape (extremely eroded: Calcaric Regosol; strongly eroded: Nudiargic Luvisol; non-eroded: Calcic Luvisol) and additional topsoil dilution (topsoil removal and subsoil admixture) were investigated (randomized block design, three replicates per treatment). Five different modeling approaches were used and compared in the light of their potential for reliable ETsum over the entire crop cultivation period and to reproduce short-term (e.g., diurnal) water flux dynamics. While machine-learning approaches such as support vector machines (SVMs) and artificial neural networks (with Bayesian regularization; ANN_BR) generally performed well during calibration, SVMs also provided a satisfactory prediction of measured ET during validation (k-fold cross-validation, k=5). We found significant differences in dry biomass (DM) and small trends in ETsum between soil types, resulting in different WUEagro. The extremely eroded Calcaric Regosol showed an up to 46 % lower ETsum and up to 54 % lower WUEagro compared to the non-eroded Calcic Luvisol. The key period contributing to 70 % of ETsum spanned the beginning of stem elongation in April to the harvest in June. However, differences in the ETsum between soil types and topsoil dilution resulted predominantly from small differences between the treatments throughout the cultivation rather than only during this short period of time.

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Validation and field application of a low-cost device to measure CO₂ and ET fluxes

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Promoting quality in low-cost gas sensor devices for real-world applications

Promoting quality in low-cost gas sensor devices for real-world applications

Validation and field application of a low-cost device to measure CO₂ and evapotranspiration (ET) fluxes

Benefits of a robotic chamber system for determining evapotranspiration in an erosion-affected, heterogeneous cropland

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Validation and field application of a low-cost device to measure CO2 and ET fluxes

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Promoting quality in low-cost gas sensor devices for real-world applications

Promoting quality in low-cost gas sensor devices for real-world applications

Validation and field application of a low-cost device to measure CO2 and evapotranspiration (ET) fluxes

Benefits of a robotic chamber system for determining evapotranspiration in an erosion-affected, heterogeneous cropland

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Validation and field application of a low-cost device to measure CO₂ and ET fluxes

Validation and field application of a low-cost device to measure CO₂ and evapotranspiration (ET) fluxes