Validation and Comparison of Instrumented Mouthguards for Measuring Head Kinematics and Assessing Brain Deformation in Football Impacts

Liu, Yuzhe; Domel, August G.; Yousefsani, Seyed Abdolmajid; Kondic, Jovana; Grant, Gerald A.; Zeineh, Michael; Camarillo, David B.

doi:10.1007/s10439-020-02629-3

Cited by 102 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…This study was performed with male subjects from a single institution and has limited power for some of the smaller subgroup analyses (e.g., concussion), and future studies should include athletes of both sexes from multiple institutions. In this study, we correlated with literature-referenced frequency of position-based impacts, and future studies could similarly record and correlate MRI ratings with the total number and severity of measured impacts to the head using accelerometer-based technology ( 52 ). Volleyball was chosen as a low-impact control group, based on meta-analysis data showing that it has a very low concussion incidence rate compared to other sports ( 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroradiologic Evaluation of MRI in High-Contact Sports

et al. 2021

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Background and Purpose: Athletes participating in high-contact sports experience repeated head trauma. Anatomical findings, such as a cavum septum pellucidum, prominent CSF spaces, and hippocampal volume reductions, have been observed in cases of mild traumatic brain injury. The extent to which these neuroanatomical findings are associated with high-contact sports is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are subtle neuroanatomic differences between athletes participating in high-contact sports compared to low-contact athletic controls.Materials and Methods: We performed longitudinal structural brain MRI scans in 63 football (high-contact) and 34 volleyball (low-contact control) male collegiate athletes with up to 4 years of follow-up, evaluating a total of 315 MRI scans. Board-certified neuroradiologists performed semi-quantitative visual analysis of neuroanatomic findings, including: cavum septum pellucidum type and size, extent of perivascular spaces, prominence of CSF spaces, white matter hyperintensities, arterial spin labeling perfusion asymmetries, fractional anisotropy holes, and hippocampal size.Results: At baseline, cavum septum pellucidum length was greater in football compared to volleyball controls (p = 0.02). All other comparisons were statistically equivalent after multiple comparison correction. Within football at baseline, the following trends that did not survive multiple comparison correction were observed: more years of prior football exposure exhibited a trend toward more perivascular spaces (p = 0.03 uncorrected), and lower baseline Standardized Concussion Assessment Tool scores toward more perivascular spaces (p = 0.02 uncorrected) and a smaller right hippocampal size (p = 0.02 uncorrected).Conclusion: Head impacts in high-contact sport (football) athletes may be associated with increased cavum septum pellucidum length compared to low-contact sport (volleyball) athletic controls. Other investigated neuroradiology metrics were generally equivalent between sports.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroradiologic Evaluation of MRI in High-Contact Sports

et al. 2021

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“…Liu et al performed laboratory validation of five commonly used instrumented mouthguards for measuring head impact kinematics. 6 All mouthguards had average errors less than 13% for peak rotational acceleration, peak rotational velocity, and brain injury criteria calculated from head kinematics. Brain strain was also determined with a convolutional neural network-based brain model for mouthguards that captured a long enough time window during impact.…”

Section: Special Issuesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2020 Year in Review

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Duma

2021

Ann Biomed Eng

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The Annals of Biomedical Engineering (ABME) published its 48th issue in 2020. As the original journal of the Biomedical Engineering Society, ABME has a broad readership and aims to publish impactful research in all areas of Biomedical Engineering. ABME received its highest number of submissions in 2020, with 1254 submissions from 70 countries (Figs. 1, 2). As a result of increased submissions, the rejection rate has also increased to around 80%. ABME accepted 255 papers in 2020 and published 225 in monthly issues. The monthly issues included three special issues on topics with growing interest in the biomedical engineering field: tissue engineering, biomaterials, and concussion biomechanics. The number of international submissions has continued to grow as well, with submissions from 70 countries last year compared with 58 countries in 2019 (Fig. 2). The top three countries in terms of submission numbers contributed nearly 50% of all submitted manuscripts: United States (23%), China (14%), and India (12%). The following summarizes notable review papers and selected papers from each special issue.

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“…It is recommended that due to the low sampling rate of the broadcast video of 100 Hz [54] or game video footage of 25 Hz in rugby union [52] or 60 or 120 Hz in American football [53], neither head velocity nor acceleration should be calculated from broadcast video as its low sampling rate violates Nyquist sampling theorem based on spectral analysis. An alternative technology measuring head acceleration is wearable sensors such as instrument mouthguards [55]. Nevertheless, further technological development of this markerless motion capture system technology using human pose estimation and wearable sensors offers a real-world in-game solution to quantify ingame 3D tackle mechanics and should be further explored.…”

Section: Theme Three-3d Data Collectionmentioning

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3D Biomechanics of Rugby Tackle Techniques to Inform Future Rugby Research Practice: a Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background The tackle is the most common in-play event in rugby union and rugby league (the rugby codes). It is also associated with the greatest propensity for injury and thus accounts for the most injuries in the sport. It is therefore of critical importance to accurately quantify how tackle technique alters injury risk using gold-standard methodology of three-dimensional motion (3D) capture. Objective To examine the 3D motion capture methodology of rugby-style tackle techniques to provide recommendations to inform practice for future rugby code research and advance the knowledge of this field. Study Design Systematic review. Methods Articles published in English language, up to May 2020, were retrieved via nine online databases. All cross-sectional, correlational, observational, and cohort study designs using 3D motion capture of tackle techniques in rugby code players met inclusion criteria for this review. A qualitative synthesis using thematic analysis was pre-specified to identify five key themes. Results Seven articles met eligibility criteria. Participant demographic information (theme one) involved a total of 92 rugby union players, ranging in skill level and playing experience. Experimental task design information (theme two) included one-on-one, front-on (n=5) or side-on (n=1) contact between a tackler and a ball carrier, or a tackler impacting a tackle bag or bump pad (n=3). 3D data collection (theme three) reported differing sampling frequencies and marker sets. 3D data reduction and analysis (theme four) procedures could be mostly replicated, but the definitions of temporal events, joint modelling and filtering varied between studies. Findings of the studies (theme five) showed that the one-on-one tackle technique can be altered (n=5) when tackle height, leg drive and/or tackle speed is modified. A study reported tackle coaching intervention. Conclusions This is the first review to evaluate 3D motion capture of rugby-style tackle technique research. A research framework was identified: (i) participant demographic information, (ii) experimental task design information, (iii) 3D motion capture data specifications, and (iv) 3D data reduction and analysis. Adherence of future 3D tackling research to these framework principles will provide critical scientific evidence to better inform injury reduction and performance practices in the rugby codes. Trial Registration The review was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42018092312).

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Validation and Comparison of Instrumented Mouthguards for Measuring Head Kinematics and Assessing Brain Deformation in Football Impacts

Cited by 102 publications

References 38 publications

Neuroradiologic Evaluation of MRI in High-Contact Sports

Neuroradiologic Evaluation of MRI in High-Contact Sports

Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2020 Year in Review

3D Biomechanics of Rugby Tackle Techniques to Inform Future Rugby Research Practice: a Systematic Review

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