Validating the Psychosocial Safety Climate Questionnaire – Integration of Findings from Cognitive Interviews in Germany and Sweden

Berthelsen, Hanne; Ertel, Michael; Geisler, Martin; Muhonen, Tuija

doi:10.16993/sjwop.85

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In 2015, Bailey, Dollard, and Richards pointed to a need for future research to ascertain the levels of PSC required in other countries to set standards for worker health [31]. While the principles behind PSC are found to be cross-culturally transferable [21], our finding that the average level of PSC was remarkably lower in Sweden compared to Australia supports the need for more international studies to better understand cultural differences of potential importance determining relevant benchmarks for the local context. For the Swedish context, we recommend further validation of the PSC, the benchmarks, and the suggested use of the instrument as a screening tool.…”

Section: Implications For Practice and Researchmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…PSC was measured by 4 items with 5 response options [14,36] in the Swedish version [21,37]. OSH practices were measured by 5 items relating to the Swedish legislation and regulations [13].…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, the majority of the PSC studies have been conducted in Australia and Malaysia [ 17 , 20 ], but recently, the PSC scale has been translated and validated in the European context [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. While validating PSC-12 in the Swedish and German contexts, issues of overlapping items were raised, calling for a shorter (less redundant) version of the scale [ 21 , 22 ]. As workplace surveys often need to cover several topics besides PSC, short reliable and valid measures are needed in order to reduce participants’ response burden and to ensure adequate response rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proprietary item based on the Swedish provisions for organizational and social work environment (AFS 2015:4Eng). 3 [14,21,36,37]. (copyright is at maureen.dollard@unisa.edu.au).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benchmarks for Evidence-Based Risk Assessment with the Swedish Version of the 4-Item Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale

Berthelsen

Muhonen

Bergström

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The purpose of the present study was to validate the short version of The Psychosocial Safety Climate questionnaire (PSC-4, Dollard, 2019) and to establish benchmarks indicating risk levels for use in Sweden. Cross-sectional data from (1) a random sample of employees in Sweden aged 25–65 years (n = 2847) and (2) a convenience sample of non-managerial employees from 94 workplaces (n = 3066) were analyzed. Benchmarks for three PSC risk levels were developed using organizational compliance with Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) regulations as criterion. The results support the validity and usefulness of the Swedish PSC-4 as an instrument to indicate good, fair, and poor OSH practices. The recommended benchmark for indicating good OSH practices is an average score of >12.0, while the proposed cutoff for poor OSH practices is a score of ≤8.0 on the PSC-4. Scores between these benchmarks indicate fair OSH practices. Furthermore, aggregated data on PSC-4 supported its reliability as a workplace level construct and its association with quantitative demands, quality of leadership, commitment to the workplace, work engagement, job satisfaction, as well as stress and burnout. Thus, the Swedish version of PSC-4 can be regarded as a valid and reliable measure for both research and practical use for risk assessment at workplaces.

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Section: Implications For Practice and Researchmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proprietary item based on the Swedish provisions for organizational and social work environment (AFS 2015:4Eng). 3 [14,21,36,37]. (copyright is at maureen.dollard@unisa.edu.au).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benchmarks for Evidence-Based Risk Assessment with the Swedish Version of the 4-Item Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale

Berthelsen

Muhonen

Bergström

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Psychosocial Safety Climate: The present study used the short PSC version (PSC-4: [ 30 , 41 , 42 ]), which includes four of the 12 items from the full-length version. Participants rated each item on a 5-point scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not All Emotional Demands Are the Same: Emotional Demands from Clients’ or Co-Workers’ Relations Have Different Associations with Well-Being in Service Workers

Duarte

Berthelsen

Owen

2020

IJERPH

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There has been an increased interest in the study of emotional demands (ED) at work and its impact on workers’ well-being. However, ED have been conceptualized as a unitary concept, focused on interactions with clients, and excluding other potential sources of ED at work. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to explore the relation between ED from different relational sources (clients/patients/customers and colleagues, supervisors, and employees) and service workers’ exhaustion and engagement. Cross-sectional data from a sample of 2742 service workers were analysed using structural equation modelling. Results showed that ED from both sources (clients and colleagues) were associated with more emotional exhaustion, particularly if dealing with clients was not an integrated part of the role. Further, ED from clients’ relations were negatively associated with engagement for managers with staff responsibility, but positively for managers without staff responsibility. We also found moderating effects of psychosocial safety climate (PSC), whereby ED had the strongest effect on emotional exhaustion when PSC was low. This study suggests that different relational sources of ED at work have a different impact on employees’ well-being. Strategies that promote a reduction of extra-role ED, and the development of a PSC in the organization, could therefore offer possible solutions to promote employees’ psychological well-being and motivation.

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Psychosocial safety climate: Measurement and relationship with well‐being in a four‐wave longitudinal study during remote work

Juutinen

Sjöblom

Dollard

et al. 2023

Scandinavian J Psychology

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To create healthy workplaces, organizations need tools for assessing factors contributing to employee well‐being. Psychosocial safety climate (PSC) refers to shared perceptions regarding the extent to which psychological health and safety are prioritized in organizations; it is operationalized in the PSC scale. We evaluated the factor structure of the Finnish version of the PSC‐4 scale, its invariance across time and concurrent and predictive relationships with perceived stress, job exhaustion, and work engagement. Moreover, the mean‐level changes in PSC and well‐being during enforced remote work were studied. Participants were 442 higher education employees who completed a well‐being survey four times between April 2020 and February 2021. The longitudinal factor structure of the PSC‐4 and well‐being indicators were investigated using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical analyses supported the one‐factor structure of the PSC‐4 and its measurement invariance across time. PSC was negatively associated with concurrent stress and job exhaustion and positively associated with concurrent work engagement at each measurement. Moreover, PSC predicted subsequent stress between each time point. Cross‐lagged effects were also evident for job exhaustion at T2–T3 and T3–T4 and for work engagement at T1–T2. The mean level of PSC decreased during enforced remote work. To conclude, the Finnish PSC‐4 is a valid tool for evaluating perceived psychosocial safety climate in organizations. PSC predicted well‐being over time and showed subsequent relationships with job exhaustion and work engagement, which is a new contribution to PSC theory and literature. Organizations need to design interventions to improve it, especially during stressful times.

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Validating the Psychosocial Safety Climate Questionnaire – Integration of Findings from Cognitive Interviews in Germany and Sweden

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Benchmarks for Evidence-Based Risk Assessment with the Swedish Version of the 4-Item Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale

Benchmarks for Evidence-Based Risk Assessment with the Swedish Version of the 4-Item Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale

Not All Emotional Demands Are the Same: Emotional Demands from Clients’ or Co-Workers’ Relations Have Different Associations with Well-Being in Service Workers

Psychosocial safety climate: Measurement and relationship with well‐being in a four‐wave longitudinal study during remote work

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