Validating the Chinese version of the Verbal Learning Test for screening Alzheimer’s disease

Chang, Chiung Chih; Kramer, Joel H.; Lin, Ker Neng; Chang, Wen‐Cheng; Wang, Ya Ling; Huang, Chi Wei; Lin, Yu Ting; Chen, Ching; Wang, Pei Ning

doi:10.1017/s1355617709991184

Cited by 107 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Global cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [17]. Episodic verbal memory function was evaluated by the Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test (CVVLT, 9 items, 4 trials, 10-min delayed recall) [18], and visual memory was examined by the score of 10-min recall in the Modified Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (CFT) [19]. Visuospatial function was checked by the copy score of the CFT [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Amnestic MCI was diagnosed using Petersen’s criteria [1]: (1) subjective memory complaints; (2) with objective memory impairment (score of CVVLT ≤6, greater than 1.0 SD below the scores of age- and education-matched normal aged subjects) [18]; (3) normal general cognitive function (MMSE ≥24); (4) intact daily functioning with CDR <1, and (5) not demented. Two aMCI subtypes were identified.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Disability Profiles in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Yeh

Lin

Chen³

et al. 2011

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) can be impaired in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and the severity of functional disability predicts Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in amnestic MCI (aMCI). This study investigated the functional profiles of aMCI in a Chinese population. Methods: The Disability Assessment for Dementia scores of 56 subjects with single-domain aMCI (sd-aMCI) and 94 with multiple-domain aMCI (md-aMCI) were compared with normal controls (n = 64) and mild AD patients (n = 102). Results: Both the sd-aMCI (2.5 ± 2.5) and md-aMCI (3.7 ± 3.5) groups had more impaired IADL items than the controls (0.7 ± 1.7). Their IADL scores were intermediate, between the control and AD groups. sd-aMCI subjects presented deficits in 7 IADL items involving the ‘meal preparation’, ‘telephoning’, ‘finance’, ‘medications’, ‘housework’, and ‘leisure’ subscales. md-aMCI subjects presented deficits in 14 IADL items involving all subscales of daily activities. The Mini-Mental State Examination and Modified Trail-Making Test Part B scores were the major neuropsychological correlates of IADL performance in aMCI. Conclusion: IADL can be impaired in both sd-aMCI and md-aMCI. Including the functional ability assessment in the evaluation of aMCI may help clinicians to provide appropriate suggestions to maintain daily functioning.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Disability Profiles in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Yeh

Lin

Chen³

et al. 2011

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Verbal memory: delayed (30 seconds and 10 minutes) free recall in the Chinese Version of the Verbal Learning Test (CVVLT). 12 2. Language: category (animal) verbal fluency test.…”

Section: Cognitive Function Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strictly Lobar Cerebral Microbleeds Are Associated With Cognitive Impairment

Chung

Chou

Chen

et al. 2016

Stroke

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2 In addition to being an age-related cerebrovascular abnormality, [3][4][5] CMBs are associated with dementia. The prevalence of CMBs is reported to be higher in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia compared with the general population. 6 The mechanisms underlying CMBs and their effects on neuropsychological functions are subjects of active research.CMB in different locations might be related to different clinical manifestations. 3,7,8 The incidence of both CMB types increases with age. However, deep or infratentorial (DI) and strictly lobar (SL) CMBs have different risk factors. DI and SL CMBs are correlated with hypertension and APOE ɛ4 genotype, respectively. Therefore, DIs are usually attributed to hypertension vasculopathy, and SL CMBs are attributed to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). 3,7,8 The effects of CMBs on cognitive function in the general population have been evaluated in previous studies. However, there are inconsistent results regarding the location of CMBs that are associated with cognitive loss. In addition, only a few Asian CMB studies have evaluated the effects of CMBs on different cognitive domains. Therefore, the present study aimed to study the possible Background and Purpose-Different distributions of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are associated with distinct pathological mechanisms. Lobar CMBs are thought to be related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, whereas deep or infratentorial CMBs are related to hypertensive vasculopathy. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of CMBs and their locations on a variety of cognitive domains. Methods-Study subjects were selected from the community-based I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study. We assessed cognitive domains, including verbal memory, language, visuospatial executive function, and verbal executive function. CMBs were evaluated using 3T susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Results-We studied 959 subjects (mean±SD, 62.5±8.6 years; 425 [44.3%] men). CMBs were found in 14.2% of the population. We classified subjects with CMBs into 2 different groups based on the locations of their CMBs: (1) deep or infratentorial (85 subjects, 8.8% of population) and (2) strictly lobar (49, 5.1%). Multivariate linear analysis showed that strictly lobar CMBs were significantly associated with deficits in global cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination) and visuospatial executive function, as determined by the copy test of the Taylor complex figure test and the clock drawing test. We adjusted our results for age, sex, years of education, cardiovascular risk factors, and other markers of cerebral small vessel disease, lacunes, and white matter hyperintensity. Deep or infratentorial CMBs were not associated with changes in cognitive function in our population. Conclusions-Strictly lobar, but not deep or infratentorial, CMBs are associated with changes in cognitive function, especially in visuospatial executive functions. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy may be the underlying pathology associated with CMB-related cognitiv...

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“…All participants completed the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [33], Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) [34], Chinese Version of the Verbal Learning Test (CVVLT) [35], and Taiwanese FAB (TFAB) [36]. The MMSE provides quantitative assessments of global cognition [33], with a score ranging from 0 to 30.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total score of CASI ranges from 0 to 100. The CVVLT [35] is a list-learning test comprised of 9 two-character nouns that fall within 1 of the following 3 categories: fruit, clothing, and transportation. Four learning trials were given, with the total score of immediate recall ranging from 0 to 36.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Assessment Battery as a Useful Tool to Differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease from Alzheimer Disease

Hsu

Huang

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background: Prominent executive dysfunction can differentiate vascular dementia from Alzheimer disease (AD). However, it is unclear whether the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) screening tool can differentiate subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) from AD at the pre-dementia stage. In addition, the neural correlates of FAB performance have yet to be clarified. Methods: Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to SIVD (MCI-V), MCI due to AD (MCI-A), and demographically matched controls completed the Mini-Mental State Examination, Taiwanese FAB (TFAB), Category Fluency, and Chinese Version of the Verbal Learning Test, and underwent magnetic resonance imaging. White matter hyperintensities were rated according to the Scheltens scale. Results: TFAB total scale and its Orthographical Fluency subtest were the only measures that could differentiate MCI-V from MCI-A. Discriminative analysis showed that Orthographical Fluency scores successfully identified 73.2% of the cases with MCI-V, with 85.0% sensitivity. Orthographical Fluency scores were specifically associated with lesion load within frontal periventricular, frontal deep white matter, and basal ganglia regions. Conclusion: The TFAB, and especially its 1-min Orthographical Fluency subtest, is a useful screening procedure to differentiate MCI due to SIVD from MCI due to AD. The discriminative ability is probably due to frontosubcortical white matter pathologies disproportionately involved in the two disease entities.

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Validating the Chinese version of the Verbal Learning Test for screening Alzheimer’s disease

Cited by 107 publications

References 23 publications

Functional Disability Profiles in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Functional Disability Profiles in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

Strictly Lobar Cerebral Microbleeds Are Associated With Cognitive Impairment

Frontal Assessment Battery as a Useful Tool to Differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Disease from Alzheimer Disease

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