Validating fPSA Glycoprofile as a Prostate Cancer Biomarker to Avoid Unnecessary Biopsies and Re-Biopsies

Abstract

Background: To compare the clinical performance of a new PCa serum biomarker based on fPSA glycoprofiling to fPSA% and PHI. Methods: Serum samples from men who underwent prostate biopsy due to increased PSA were used. A comparison between two equal groups (with histologically confirmed PCa or benign, non-cancer condition) was used for the clinical validation of a new glycan-based PCa oncomarker. SPSS and R software packages were used for the multiparametric analyses of the receiver operating curve (ROC) and for genetic algorithm metaheuristics. Results: When comparing the non-cancer and PCa cohorts, the combination of four fPSA glycoforms with two clinical parameters (PGI, prostate glycan index (PGI)) showed an area under receiver operating curve (AUC) value of 0.821 (95% CI 0.754–0.890). AUC values were 0.517 for PSA, 0.683 for fPSA%, and 0.737 for PHI. A glycan analysis was also applied to discriminate low-grade tumors (GS = 6) from significant tumors (GS ≥ 7). Conclusions: Compared to PSA on its own, or fPSA% and the PHI, PGI showed improved discrimination between presence and absence of PCa and in predicting clinically significant PCa. In addition, the use of PGI would help practitioners avoid 63.5% of unnecessary biopsies, while the use of fPSA% and PHI would help avoid 17.5% and 33.3% of biopsies, respectively, while missing four significant tumors (9.5%).

Glycan signatures for the identification of cisplatin‐resistant testicular cancer cell lines: Specific glycoprofiling of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

“…On the other hand, oxidation of the glycans on anti‐hCG also resulted in a significant decrease in the bioaffinity of the interaction with hCG from K D =0.028 nM for the non‐oxidised antibody form to K D =3.7 nM for the oxidised form of the antibody. Hence, oxidation of the antibody significantly reduced the biorecognition affinity by two orders of magnitude, which is in agreement with our previous study 30 …”

“…Since lectins are able to bind to the glycans present in the Fc fragment of the antibody (i.e. usually bi‐antennary glycans terminated with sialic acid, galactose or GlcNAc), it is advisable to de‐activate such a glycan recognition site by glycan oxidation 30 …”

Identification of Whole-Serum Glycobiomarkers for Colorectal Carcinoma Using Reverse-Phase Lectin Microarray

“…Then, we will identify such glycoproteins by MS using peptide mapping. Finally, such identified glycoproteins can be tested as potential novel glycan-based biomarkers for CRC diagnostics using specific glycoprofiling, i.e., application of an antibody selective against such a protein for selective capture from serum samples with subsequent glycoprofiling using lectins in a sandwich configuration (antibody/glycoprotein/lectin) using ELISA format of analysis, which is fully compatible with clinical practice ( 62 , 63 ).…”

Molecular Biomarkers for the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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“…Treated with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (previous 3 mo) 5. Acute prostatitis or UTI NR 4.32 ± 1.85 c Bertok (2020) [32] 140 70 42 Gleason ≥7 62.15 NR NR 1. Elevated PSA 2.…”