Vagus-sparing gastric fundectomy in the rat: development of osteopenia, relationship to urinary phosphate and net acid excretion, serum gastrin and vitamin D

Abstract

In man and experimental animals, partial and total gastrectomy and gastric vagotomies disturb extracellular mineral homeostasis, osteopenia being among the late outcomes. The sequence of events is complex and insufficiently understood. We report on the long-term effects of gastric fundectomy (FX; FX-1, n=11; sham-operated controls, n=14) sparing gastric vagal fibers at the lesser curvature in the rat, a procedure eliminating gastric acid production but preserving gastric reservoir function. After FX-1 there was a marked increase of gastrinemia [FX-1: 590 (SE 95); controls: 82 (5) pg-equiv/ml; P<0.001], serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [FX-1: 188 (17); controls: 86 (6) pg/ml; P<0.001], phosphaturia [FX-1: 32 (2); controls 23 (2) micromol/h; P<0.001] due to increased fractional phosphate clearance, elevated urinary net acid [FX-1: 21 (2); controls: 16 (1) micromol/h; P=0.03], and low urinary pH. The urinary excretion of hydroxyproline was increased [FX-1: 137 (15); controls: 99 (8) micromol/h; P=0.01], and crosslinks were also high. These changes were associated with a significant decrease of bone ash calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Bone histomorphometry revealed signs of high bone turnover. No signs of hyperparathyroidism were detectable. Acute stimulation of serum gastrin by gastric acid abolishing omeprazole failed to provoke extra-osseous changes, as seen in the long-term after fundectomy. It was concluded that the described type of fundectomy disturbs gastrinemia, acid-base and phosphorus metabolism, thereby initiating osteopenia. This animal model may be suitable for research into post-gastrectomy bone disease.

Influence of Gastrectomy on Cortical and Cancellous Bones in Rats

“…Total GX and resection of the acid-producing part of the stomach (fundectomy) induces gastrinemia and malnutrition [13, 14], thereby initiating osteopenia in rats [15–19]. However, although bone histomorphometry studies have demonstrated GX-induced decreases in cancellous bone volume per tissue volume and cortical bone area in rats [17, 18], the changes in bone formation, resorption, and osteoid parameters after GX have not been adequately studied.…”