Vaginal Inflammation: Association between Leukocyte Concentration and Levels of Immune Mediators

Beghini, Joziani; Giraldo, Paulo César; Eleutério, José; Amaral, Rose Luce Gomes do; Polpeta, Nádia Cristina; Gonçalves, Ana Katherine

doi:10.1111/aji.12475

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The intra-amniotic inflammatory process associated with elevated amniotic fluid concentrations of HBD-1 may be mediated by toll-like receptors (TLRs) such as TLR-4 and TLR-2, which had been implicated in the mechanisms that lead to secretion of defensins by epithelial cells 169 . Our data, along with previous studies demonstrating that MIAC results in an increased amniotic fluid concentration of lactoferrin 81, 82 , lysozyme 19, 21 , and bacterial/permeability-increasing protein 20 among others 107, 170–172 , suggest that antimicrobial peptides participate in the soluble host defense mechanisms against intra-amniotic infection 173, 174 in women who underwent spontaneous preterm labor and delivered preterm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Human β‐defensin‐1: A natural antimicrobial peptide present in amniotic fluid that is increased in spontaneous preterm labor with intra‐amniotic infection

Varrey

Romero

Panaitescu

et al. 2018

American J Rep Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Human β‐defensin‐1: A natural antimicrobial peptide present in amniotic fluid that is increased in spontaneous preterm labor with intra‐amniotic infection

Varrey

Romero

Panaitescu

et al. 2018

American J Rep Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This may result in an overgrowth of anaerobic or facultative Gram-negative bacteria, which are usually associated with bacterial vaginosis [ 231 ]. The report of Beghini also found that the concentrations of NGAL in the vaginal fluid were higher in women with vaginal inflammation [ 232 ].…”

Section: Ngal In Biological Fluids and Additional Functions Of Ngalmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Review of Current Knowledge on Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL)

Romejko¹,

Markowska²,

Niemczyk³

2023

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a 25-kDa protein that is secreted mostly by immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Its production is stimulated in response to inflammation. The concentrations of NGAL can be measured in plasma, urine, and biological fluids such as peritoneal effluent. NGAL is known mainly as a biomarker of acute kidney injury and is released after tubular damage and during renal regeneration processes. NGAL is also elevated in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. It may play a role as a predictor of the progression of renal function decreases with complications and mortality due to kidney failure. NGAL is also useful in the diagnostic processes of cardiovascular diseases. It is highly expressed in injured heart tissue and atherosclerostic plaque; its serum concentrations correlate with the severity of heart failure and coronary artery disease. NGAL increases inflammatory states and its levels rise in arterial hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, and is also involved in carcinogenesis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on NGAL and its involvement in different pathologies, especially its role in renal and cardiovascular diseases.

show abstract

“…The presence of neutrophil peptides 1–3 (defensins) is closely correlated with the presence of vaginal WBCs [ 16 ]. A recent study demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines EMMPRIN, MMP-8, and NGAL levels were significantly associated with PMNLs count in vaginal Gram stain samples where the vaginal inflammation was defined as >4 PMNLs /HPF [ 17 ]. The number of PMNLs in cervix has been observed to be stable throughout the menstrual cycle [ 1 , 18 ], but sperms influence the cervical inflammatory response and PMNLs increase sharply in cervix after insemination, caused by increased local production of IL-8 in response to seminal plasma [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Counts from Urethra, Cervix, and Vaginal Wet Mount in Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Lower Genital Tract Infection

Randjelovic

Moghaddam

Blasio

et al. 2018

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) inflammatory response in women with nongonococcal lower genital tract infection (LGTI) can be used to optimize criteria for syndromic treatment. Methods A cross-sectional study of 375 women attending the STI clinic in Oslo. Urethral, cervical, and vaginal specimens underwent microscopy for PMNLs. Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and other STIs were detected in the cervical/vaginal swabs and urine, using nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). After excluding vulvovaginal candidiasis, genital herpes, and trichomoniasis, we correlated clinical and microscopic signs of inflammation with positive NAAT for Ct, mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), and Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) in a subgroup of 293 women. Results To predict a positive Ct, the combination of high cut-off urethritis (≥10 PMNLs/HPF) and microscopic cervicitis had a high specificity of 0.93, a PPV of 0.37, and a sensitivity of 0.35. LGTI criteria had low predicting values for Mg and Uu. Conclusion Including microscopic criteria for the diagnosis of LGTI gives better indication for presumptive antibiotic treatment than anamnestic and clinical diagnosis alone.

show abstract

Vaginal Inflammation: Association between Leukocyte Concentration and Levels of Immune Mediators

Abstract: EMMPRIN, MMP-8, HA, β-defensin, and NGAL are elevated in women with vaginal inflammation.

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Human β‐defensin‐1: A natural antimicrobial peptide present in amniotic fluid that is increased in spontaneous preterm labor with intra‐amniotic infection

Human β‐defensin‐1: A natural antimicrobial peptide present in amniotic fluid that is increased in spontaneous preterm labor with intra‐amniotic infection

The Review of Current Knowledge on Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL)

The Role of Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Counts from Urethra, Cervix, and Vaginal Wet Mount in Diagnosis of Nongonococcal Lower Genital Tract Infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About