Vaginal fluid prolactin: a reliable marker for the diagnosis of prematurely ruptured membranes. Comparison with vaginal fluid α-fetoprotein and placental lactogen

Phocas, I.; Sarandakou, Angeliki; Kontoravdis, A.; Chryssicopoulos, A.; Zourlas, Pantelis A.

doi:10.1016/0028-2243(89)90174-3

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Buyukbayrak et al [4] and Phocas et al [14] concluded in their studies that assay of prolactin in vaginal washing fluid was a reliable method for the diagnosis of PROM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Three Amniotic Fluid Markers in Premature Rupture of Membranes: Prolactin, Beta Subunit of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, and Alpha-Fetoprotein

Shahin

Raslan²

2006

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Objective: To evaluate whether prolactin, α-fetoprotein (AFP) or B-human chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG) is the most effective marker in vaginal fluid for diagnosing prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM). These proteins are present in amniotic and vaginal fluid and have been reported to be potent markers of PROM, but have not been used clinically nor compared to each other. Study Design: A total of 100 pregnant women between 28 and 37 weeks of gestation were recruited for the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of 50 pregnant women diagnosed with ruptured membranes. The second group consisted of 50 normal pregnant women seen during routine antenatal clinic visit (control) group. All women underwent speculum examination aiming to sample prolactin, BHCG and AFP in the vaginal fluid. Ultrasonographic examination for gestational age and amniotic fluid index measurement was performed. The electrochemoluminescence (ECLIA) method was used for quantitative measurement of the three proteins (the total duration of the assay was 18 min). Results: Vaginal fluid concentrations of the three markers were significantly higher in the PROM group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Receiver operator curve analysis indicated that AFP had 94% specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values, and efficiency. The other two markers have lower specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values, and efficiency: 70, 76, 71.7, 74.5 and 73% for prolactin and 72, 84, 75, 81.8 and 78% for BHCG, respectively. Conclusion: This work demonstrates that of the three markers investigated AFP has the highest diagnostic performance. Using the ECLIA method it can be an ideal marker for diagnosing PROM particularly in equivocal cases. The technique could be introduced into laboratory tests to meet clinical needs.

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“…Buyukbayrak et al [4] and Phocas et al [14] concluded in their studies that assay of prolactin in vaginal washing fluid was a reliable method for the diagnosis of PROM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Three Amniotic Fluid Markers in Premature Rupture of Membranes: Prolactin, Beta Subunit of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, and Alpha-Fetoprotein

Shahin

Raslan²

2006

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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“…Different methods based on clinical evaluation [3] and biological tests have been developed to diagnose PROM, among which the detection of proteins such as prolactin [4], a-fetoprotein [5], diamine oxidase [6,7], insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) [7,8], human choriogonadotrophin [9], fetal fibronectin [10,11], cytokines [12], interleukin-6 [12], interleukin-18 [13], as well as decidual relaxins H1 and H2 proteins [14], usually determined by immunoassays. One of the problems encoun-tered with these proteins is that even if they are present in amniotic fluid (AF) at concentrations higher than those in the maternal plasma, the contamination of vaginal section sample by maternal blood can lead to false-positive results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteome analysis of human plasma and amniotic fluid by Off‐Gel™ isoelectric focusing followed by nano‐LC‐MS/MS

et al. 2006

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This paper presents a comparative proteomic analysis of human maternal plasma and amniotic fluid (AF) samples from the same patient at term of pregnancy in order to find specific AF proteins as markers of premature rupture of membranes, a complication frequently observed during pregnancy. Maternal plasma and the corresponding AF were immunodepleted in order to remove the six most abundant proteins before the systematic analysis of their protein composition. The protein samples were then fractionated by IEF Off-Gel electrophoresis (OGE), digested and analyzed with nano-LC-MS/MS separation, revealing a total of 73 and 69 proteins identified in maternal plasma and AF samples, respectively. The proteins identified in AF have been compared to those identified in the mother plasma as well as to the reference human plasma protein list reported by Anderson et al. (Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2004, 3, 311-326). This comparison showed that 26 proteins were exclusively present in AF and not in plasma among which 10 have already been described to be placenta or pregnancy specific. As a further validation of the method, plasma proteins fractionated by OGE and analysed by nano-LC-MS/MS have been compared to the Swiss 2-D PAGE reference map by reconstructing a map that matches 2-D gel and OGE experimental data. This representation shows that 36 of 49 reference proteins could be identified in both data sets, and that isoform shifts in pI are well conserved in the OGE data sets.

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“…AFP levels ranged from 72 to 1,000 ng/ml. Phocas et al [10] reported that the AFP level in vaginal fluid determined by enzyme immunoassay ranged from 64 to 5,500 ng/ml in 21 preg nancies with rupture of membranes occurring between 22 and 41 weeks of gestation. In contrast, 11 cases without membrane rupture between 20 and 41 weeks of gestation had AFP values less than 10 ng/ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFP is present at a high concentration in amniotic fluid [6], but not in vaginal secretions [7,8], Measuring AFP concentration in vaginal fluid by enzyme immunoas say [8,10,11] or by a colorimetric AFP monoclonal anti body test [9] can detect rupture of membranes. The AFP concentration in amniotic fluid in normal pregnancy declines from approximately 17,000 ng/ml at the 13th week to 342 ± 271 ng/ml (mean value ± standard devia tion) at the 40th week [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Latex Agglutination Test for Alpha-Fetoprotein in Diagnosing Rupture of Fetal Membranes

Watanabe

Minakami²,

Itoi³

et al. 1995

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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To assess the utility of a latex agglutination test for Α-fetoprotein in vaginal fluid for diagnosing rupture of the fetal membranes, we tested 91 pregnant women, including 32 with an established rupture, 19 with no evidence of rupture and 40 with a suspected rupture. Results were compared with those of the pH indicator and the fern tests. The latex agglutination test had better sensitivity, specificity, or both, than the pH indicator and the fern tests. We conclude that the latex agglutination test is more accurate than either the pH indicator or the fern test for diagnosing premature rupture of fetal membranes.

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Vaginal fluid prolactin: a reliable marker for the diagnosis of prematurely ruptured membranes. Comparison with vaginal fluid α-fetoprotein and placental lactogen

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Comparative Study of Three Amniotic Fluid Markers in Premature Rupture of Membranes: Prolactin, Beta Subunit of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, and Alpha-Fetoprotein

Comparative Study of Three Amniotic Fluid Markers in Premature Rupture of Membranes: Prolactin, Beta Subunit of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, and Alpha-Fetoprotein

Proteome analysis of human plasma and amniotic fluid by Off‐Gel™ isoelectric focusing followed by nano‐LC‐MS/MS

Evaluation of Latex Agglutination Test for Alpha-Fetoprotein in Diagnosing Rupture of Fetal Membranes

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