Vaginal cytology, vaginoscopy and progesterone profile: breeding tools in bitches

Rao, K Sadasiva; Raju, K. G. S.; Reddy, K. C. S.

doi:10.33899/ijvs.2011.5656

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…During anestrus phase, smears were taken during anestrus; parabasal and small intermediate vaginal epithelial cells are the predominant cells, the neutrophils might be present or not (Figure 1 A and B). These results were consistent with those of other studies [2,[23][24][25]. During anestrus, superficial cells decrease, intermediate cells increase, and parabasal cells predominate [26].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In these studies, all cells of the vaginal cytology during estrus were cornified and anuclear, and no polymorphonuclear cells. The superficial cells increased a lot during estrus, and very a smaller number of intermediate cells [23]. During pro-oestrus, oestrus, and early metoestrus, a significant number of neutrophils infiltrate the epithelium and lamina propria; these neutrophils eventually escape into the vaginal lumen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Induction Estrus in Local Anestrum Bitches by using GnRH , PMSG and hCG Combination

Jaafar,

AL-Mutar

2024

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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HIS study was performed to compare the ability of GnRH alone and combination of PMSG-hCG hormones to induce of estrus in anestrus female dogs (bitches). Hence, a total of 17 local dogs; 15 bitches of 2-4 years old and 2 fertile males (2-5) years old, were selected, prepared and inseminated naturally from December 2022 to June 2023. Firstly, all bitches were divided into three groups; G1 that represents the control and leaves without treatment, G2 that received GnRH at a dose of 0.0042 mg/animal I.M for two days, and G3 that received PMSG at a dose of 40 IU/animal for 7 days and then hCG at a dose of 150 IU/animal on the 8 th day I.M. During anestrus, the vaginal smears showed that the predominant cells were parabasal and small intermediate cells; while in estrus phase, superficial cells were the most common. Ultrasound examination for 10 treated bitches in G2 and G3 groups was made during the 19 th , 30 th , 47 th and 59 th days post mating. Furthermore, pregnancy rate was recorded 80% in G2 (GnRH) group and 75% in G3 group (PMSG / hCG). While, insignificant variation ( P<0.05) was seen in gestational period between G2 and G3. In conclusion, induction of estrus by using GnRH or PMSG with hCG is safe and effective.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Induction Estrus in Local Anestrum Bitches by using GnRH , PMSG and hCG Combination

Jaafar,

AL-Mutar

2024

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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“…In female dogs, the presence of erythrocytes and neutrophils is common in the proestrus phase and reduced almost completely in the estrus, and the presence of inflammatory cells returns in diestrus, and there may even be phagocytosis of some cells (Reddy et al, 2011). Similar results were found in this study, in which in the reproductive season (summer), there was a decrease in inflammatory cells in the estrus period and an increase in diestrus.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…At this station, the predominance of intermediate cells in the estrus phase and parabasal cells in the diestrus phase was identified. According to Reddy et al (2011), unlike mares, female dogs showed a decrease in the number of intermediate cells in the estrus phase. In diestrus, the results were similar, in which there was a predominance of parabasal cells in both species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaginal cytology in mares in the different stages of the estral cycle associated with the seasons of the year

Andreta

Silva

Belotto

et al. 2022

AVB

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The reproductive biotechnologies directly assist in the development of different methods of reproductive evaluation. The objective of this study was to develop a new method to determine the estrous cycle phase in equine females through vaginal cytology throughout the seasons, as well as to establish an estimate of inflammatory cells present in the vagina. Six mares were evaluated at different ages without a defined breed and reproductive activity and were subjected to ultrasound evaluation of the reproductive system and cytological analysis of the vaginal region. In the summer, there was a predominance of keratinized epithelial cells in the estrus and intermediate in the diestrus. In the autumn, there was a predominance of keratinized cells in estrus and parabasal cells in estrus and diestrus. In anestrus (winter), a greater number of parabasal cells was identified in relation to the other cell types. In estrus (spring), there was a predominance of parabasal and intermediate cells. Conversely, in diestrus, parabasals were found in greater numbers. The evaluation of inflammatory cells of the vaginal epithelium of mares showed greater activity in the summer; however, there are no reference values for healthy animals in the literature, and it is necessary to conduct studies on the subject. It is concluded that there is an influence of cyclicity on the vaginal epithelium of the equine species, varying according to the season. Additionally, vaginal cytological evaluation is an important complementary tool in the diagnosis of vaginitis in mares, requiring further research on the subject.

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“…Інші автори вважають, що виявлення овуляції та термінів осіменіння у сук повинно ґрунтуватися на основі концентрації гормонів, вагінальної цитології та ендоскопічного дослідження піхви (Okkens et al, 1985;Jeffcoate & Lindsay, 1989;Rao et al, 2011).…”

Section: вступunclassified

Efficiency test microscope “Arbor Elite” for determining the fertile period of bitches

et al. 2021

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Choosing the optimal time of insemination of she-dogs is one of the urgent problems in the reproduction of dogs, because it causes fertility and can be the cause of artificially acquired infertility or low in fertility. To this end, a number of methods are used in practice, but none of them fully meets the requirements. Therefore, the question of choosing a method for determining the optimal time of insemination of bitches remains unresolved. In this regard, the purpose of our research was to study the effectiveness of the use of the microscope “Arbor Elite” to determine the fertile period of she-dogs. The work was performed in the Clinical Diagnostic Center “Rancho” of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University. The material for the study were female dogs of different breeds with a physiological course of sexual cycling. In order to determine the optimal time of insemination of bitches used test microscope “Arbor Elite”, the principle of which is based on the phenomenon of salivation arborization, due to the presence of salts that crystallize as a result of increasing estrogen in the body in the stage of proestrus-estrus. There are 3 types of dried saliva after crystallization: Type I – small crystals in the form of thin stems/a large number of formed crystals “twigs”. Fertilization is probable (stage of proestrus with insignificant / moderate estrogen secretion); Type II – fern leaves, crystals with a thick stem. The probability of fertilization is maximum (estrus stage with maximum estrogen production); Type III – outlines of sand or pebbles, no crystals. Fertilization is unlikely (met- / diestrus stage). It is established that the efficiency of using the test microscope “Arbor Elite” to determine the fertile period of female dogs is 85.2 %. However, the effectiveness of the method can be increased by differentiating endocrine pathology. In addition, the use of a test microscope “Arbor Elite” has other advantages, in particular, is simple, does not require special knowledge or training, so it can be used at home. But the main advantage is that its implementation in combination with other methods can reduce financial costs and reduce the impact of stressors (ie reduces the number of visits for sampling and cytological and hormonal tests). The method of determining the fertile period of she-dogs using a test microscope “Arbor Elite” needs further research and improvement, and its combination with other methods will optimize the diagnosis of optimal insemination time not only in bitches but also in females of different species.

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Vaginal cytology, vaginoscopy and progesterone profile: breeding tools in bitches

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Induction Estrus in Local Anestrum Bitches by using GnRH , PMSG and hCG Combination

Induction Estrus in Local Anestrum Bitches by using GnRH , PMSG and hCG Combination

Vaginal cytology in mares in the different stages of the estral cycle associated with the seasons of the year

Efficiency test microscope “Arbor Elite” for determining the fertile period of bitches

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