Vaginal Concentrations of Lactic Acid Potently Inactivate HIV-1 Compared to Short Chain Fatty Acids Present During Bacterial Vaginosis

AldunateMuriel,; TyssenDavid,; LathamCatherine,; RamslandPaul,; PerlmutterPatrick,; MoenchThomas,; ConeRichard,; Tachedjian, Gilda

doi:10.1089/aid.2014.5499.abstract

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Whilst knowledge about the antimicrobial activity of lactic- and acetic acid is increasing, very little is still known with regards to the antimicrobial activity of propioniate, succinate and butyrate, which are increased in concentration and prevalence in women with BV. So far, our findings suggest that a high level of vaginal lactic acid, at concentrations generated by eubiotic microbiota, is a potent virucide whereas SCFAs at BV-associated concentrations and pH do not lead to any detectable HIV inactivation (Aldunate et al, 2014 ). Demonstration of potent virucidal activity of lactic acid supports its role in defending against viral pathogens such as female-to-male and mother-to-child transmission of HIV (Frank et al, 2012 ) by reducing vaginal shedding of infectious virus.…”

Section: The Antimicrobial Properties Of Lactic Acid and Scfas Producmentioning

confidence: 73%

Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis

et al. 2015

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Lactic acid and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by vaginal microbiota have reported antimicrobial and immune modulatory activities indicating their potential as biomarkers of disease and/or disease susceptibility. In asymptomatic women of reproductive-age the vaginal microbiota is comprised of lactic acid-producing bacteria that are primarily responsible for the production of lactic acid present at ~110 mM and acidifying the vaginal milieu to pH ~3.5. In contrast, bacterial vaginosis (BV), a dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota, is characterized by decreased lactic acid-producing microbiota and increased diverse anaerobic bacteria accompanied by an elevated pH>4.5. BV is also characterized by a dramatic loss of lactic acid and greater concentrations of mixed SCFAs including acetate, propionate, butyrate, and succinate. Notably women with lactic acid-producing microbiota have more favorable reproductive and sexual health outcomes compared to women with BV. Regarding the latter, BV is associated with increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV. In vitro studies demonstrate that lactic acid produced by vaginal microbiota has microbicidal and virucidal activities that may protect against STIs and endogenous opportunistic bacteria as well as immune modulatory properties that require further characterization with regard to their effects on the vaginal mucosa. In contrast, BV-associated SCFAs have far less antimicrobial activity with the potential to contribute to a pro-inflammatory vaginal environment. Here we review the composition of lactic acid and SCFAs in respective states of eubiosis (non-BV) or dysbiosis (BV), their effects on susceptibility to bacterial/viral STIs and whether they have inherent microbicidal/virucidal and immune modulatory properties. We also explore their potential as biomarkers for the presence and/or increased susceptibility to STIs.

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Section: The Antimicrobial Properties Of Lactic Acid and Scfas Producmentioning

confidence: 73%

Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis

et al. 2015

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“…; Aldunate et al . ; Isaacs & Xu, , ). Lactic acid also inactivates a broad range of BV‐associated microbes at pH < 4.5 (O'Hanlon et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vaginal microbiota, host defence and reproductive physiology

Smith

Ravel

2016

The Journal of Physiology

310

243

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The interaction between the human host and the vaginal microbiota is highly dynamic. Major changes in the vaginal physiology and microbiota over a woman's lifetime are largely shaped by transitional periods such as puberty, menopause and pregnancy, while daily fluctuations in microbial composition observed through culture-independent studies are more likely to be the results of daily life activities and behaviours. The vaginal microbiota of reproductive-aged women is largely made up of at least five different community state types. Four of these community state types are dominated by lactic-acid producing Lactobacillus spp. while the fifth is commonly composed of anaerobes and strict anaerobes and is sometimes associated with vaginal symptoms. The production of lactic acid has been associated with contributing to the overall health of the vagina due to its direct and indirect effects on pathogens and host defence. Some species associated with non-Lactobacillus vaginal microbiota may trigger immune responses as well as degrade the host mucosa, processes that ultimately increase susceptibility to infections and contribute to negative reproductive outcomes such as infertility and preterm birth. Further studies are needed to better understand the functional underpinnings of how the vaginal microbiota affect host physiology but also how host physiology affects the vaginal microbiota. Understanding this fine-tuned interaction is key to maintaining women's reproductive health.

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“…Among them Aldunate et al have suggested that short chain fatty acids exhibit antimicrobial activity for oral or vaginal microorganisms. 37,38 Also, Ricke, has discussed the possibility and challenges of the use of short chain fatty acids as antimicrobials against foodborne bacteria. One hypothesis is that short chain fatty acids and their esters could easily penetrate to the bacteria lipid membrane.…”

Section: Pharmaceutical Sciences June 2019 25(2) 138-144 | 141mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity and Analysis of the Essential Oils of Selected Endemic Edible Apiaceae Plants Root from Caspian Hyrcanian Region (North of Iran)

Hamedi

Pasdaran

2019

Pharm Sci

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Background: Different endemic species of Apiaceae that widely grow in Hyrcanian region have long been used as spices and herbal remedies. Chemical compositions and bioactivity of many of these plants have not been studied scientifically. The volatile constituents and antimicrobial activity of four edible Apiaceae plants—Elaeosticta glaucescens Boiss, Malabaila secacul (Mill.) Boiss, Caucalis platycarpos L., and Eryngium caucasicum Trautv—roots were investigated. Methods: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC–FID) methods were used for chemical investigation. Antimicrobial potential of the volatile compositions of these roots were investigated using the disc diffusion method on four microorganisms including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis. Results: The best minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these species were revealed for B. subtilis and S. aureus (500 µg/mL for MIC and MBC) followed by E. caucasicum and C. platycarpus, respectively. The main compounds of E. caucasicum root essential oil were hexyl isovalerate (11.0%) and hexyl valerate (10.1%). E. glaucescens root essential oil was mainly composed of 3(10)-caren-4-ol, acetoacetic acid ester (9.8%), octyl isovalerate (8.9%), and octyl acetate (5.7%). In C. platycarpos root, hexyl isovalerate (9.2%) and n-octyl isobutyrate (8.5%) were constituted the major compositions of the essential oil while n-hexyl isobutyrate (8.5%) and hexyl hexanoate (7.8%) were predominant compounds in M. secacul. Conclusion: The essential oils of E. caucasicum and C. platycarpus roots were contained high amount of short chain fatty acid esters (SCFAE) and trans- pinocarvyl acetate. They exhibited moderate antibacterial activity.

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Vaginal Concentrations of Lactic Acid Potently Inactivate HIV-1 Compared to Short Chain Fatty Acids Present During Bacterial Vaginosis

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis

Antimicrobial and immune modulatory effects of lactic acid and short chain fatty acids produced by vaginal microbiota associated with eubiosis and bacterial vaginosis

The vaginal microbiota, host defence and reproductive physiology

Antimicrobial Activity and Analysis of the Essential Oils of Selected Endemic Edible Apiaceae Plants Root from Caspian Hyrcanian Region (North of Iran)

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