Vagaries of the Host Response in the Development of Hepatitis B-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Series

Block, Peter; Shinn, Brianna; Roth, Christopher G.; Needleman, Laurence; Rosato, Ernest L.; Hann, Hie‐Won

doi:10.2174/1573394716666200129121051

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a non-cytopathic pathogen that can establish chronic infection in the liver [ 1 , 2 ]. Since the advent of the effective HBV vaccine and the widespread implementation of HBV vaccination programs, the incidence of HBV infection has decreased worldwide [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the advent of the effective HBV vaccine and the widespread implementation of HBV vaccination programs, the incidence of HBV infection has decreased worldwide [ 3 , 4 ]. Nonetheless, the burden of HBV infection persists; it roughly affects 2 billion people worldwide, among which approximately 300 million people are chronically infected [ 1 , 2 ]. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a common cause of both liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [ 1 , 2 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the burden of HBV infection persists; it roughly affects 2 billion people worldwide, among which approximately 300 million people are chronically infected [ 1 , 2 ]. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a common cause of both liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [ 1 , 2 , 5 ]. Given its known carcinogenic properties, HBV accounts for 25% of HCC cases in developed countries and nearly 60% of cases in developing countries [ 1 , 2 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a common cause of both liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [ 1 , 2 , 5 ]. Given its known carcinogenic properties, HBV accounts for 25% of HCC cases in developed countries and nearly 60% of cases in developing countries [ 1 , 2 , 6 ]. Clinical factors that determine the outcomes of chronic HBV infection, and HCC, thus carry substantial public health importance [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical factors that determine the outcomes of chronic HBV infection, and HCC, thus carry substantial public health importance [ 2 ]. Illumination of this constellation of risk factors and understanding the HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis remains an essential goal of HBV research [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Disparity in Host Responses to Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Series

2021

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Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a malignant tumor with high mortality worldwide. One remarkable clinical feature of HBV-related HCC is that the risk of development is higher in males and postmenopausal females compared to other females. Increasing evidence also indicates that the prognosis of HBV-associated HCC may involve gender disparity, with females having more favorable outcomes. The proposed mechanism of this gender disparity is thought to be complex and multifactorial. Attributions have been made to gender differences in behavioral risk factors, host stress, immune response, psychology, metabolic risk factors, tumor biology, and hormonal factors. Gender disparities in hormonal factors and stress with consequent incited inflammation and hepatocarcinogenesis in HBV-related HCC is a particularly burgeoning area of investigation. Clarifying these mechanisms could provide insight into HBV-related HCC pathogenesis, and potentially provide a target for prevention and treatment of this disease. Reported herein is a case series involving two families affected by vertically transmitted chronic hepatitis B, longitudinally observed over multiple decades, with family members demonstrating discordant outcomes related to HCC, with worse outcomes among affected males. As a supplement to this case, we review the currently available literature on gender differences in outcomes from HBV-related HCC. In reporting this case series, we aim to add our important observation to the current literature and highlight the need for further research in the mechanisms involved in gender disparity in the prognosis of HBV-related HCC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Disparity in Host Responses to Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Series

2021

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The Role of Host in the Spectrum of Outcomes in Family Clusters of Hepatitis Infection: From Asymptomatic to Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Noverati

Nguyễn

Chalikonda

et al. 2023

Case Rep Gastroenterol

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Hepatitis B virus infections are prevalent worldwide, but the outcomes of infection vary greatly from host to host. In many endemic regions, vertical transmission from mother to child is most common. In this transmission setting, virus genotype and shared patient genetics make for an interesting comparison of outcome of chronic hepatitis B infection. This case series demonstrates four family clusters which display disparate outcomes among family members with hepatitis B virus infections, further stressing the role of host and non-genetic factors in the natural history of the disease. Many host factors have been theorized, from epigenetic mechanisms to the role of chronic stress, but more research is needed to better understand those at higher risk of feared complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis.

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Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma and stress: untangling the host immune response from clinical outcomes

et al. 2020

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Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health challenge on the global scale. Affecting hundreds of millions worldwide, HBV is a leading risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinical outcomes from chronic HBV infection are varied and appear to be influenced by a complex and dysregulated host immune response. In turn, much attention has been given to the immunologic response to HBV in an effort to identify host factors that lead to the development of HCC. However, the role of nonimmunologic host factors, such as chronic stress, in HBV-related HCC is poorly defined. Indeed, a growing appreciation for the effects of stress on chronic liver diseases raises the question of its role in chronic HBV infection. In this light, the present review will untangle the roles of key host factors in HBV-related HCC with an emphasis on chronic stress as a viable contributor. First discussed is the interplay of stress, inflammation and chronic liver disease. The host immune response’s role as a driver of HBV-related HCC is then reviewed, allowing for a close exploration of the effects of stress on immune function in chronic hepatitis B and as a potential risk factor for HBV-related HCC.

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Vagaries of the Host Response in the Development of Hepatitis B-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Series

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Gender Disparity in Host Responses to Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Series

Gender Disparity in Host Responses to Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Series

The Role of Host in the Spectrum of Outcomes in Family Clusters of Hepatitis Infection: From Asymptomatic to Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma and stress: untangling the host immune response from clinical outcomes

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