Vagally and acetylcholine-mediated constriction in small pulmonary vessels of rabbits

Sada, Kouji; Shirai, Masamitsu; Ninomiya, Ishio

doi:10.1152/jappl.1987.63.4.1601

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The newly detected arterial branches, which had an internal diameter of nearly 100 -300 mm and came out at a site downstream just from the ramification points of the vessels, disappeared in the presence of atropine. The same characteristics of the vasomotor pattern have been reported in parasympathetic cholinergic vasoconstriction of small pulmonary arteries in the rabbit (16). Such cholinergic neural control of vasomotion localized at the downstream site near a branching point may play an important role in regulating the number of open arterial vessels.…”

Section: Newly Detected Arterial Segments During Hypothalamic Stimulasupporting

confidence: 69%

Pharmacology and Physiology of Perivascular Nerves Regulating Vascular Function

Matsukawa

Shirai

Murata

et al. 2002

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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ABSTRACT-Recently we have studied the direct vasomotor response of the hindllimb extramuscular large arteries (internal diameter, 500 -1400 mm) and intramuscular small arteries (internal diameter, 50 -500 mm) of in vivo thick skeletal muscle during activation of sympathetic cholinergic nerve in anesthetized cats. The hypothalamic defense area was electrically stimulated so as to induce a profound increase in femoral blood flow mediated by sympathetic cholinergic fibers. To visualize the vascular arrangement from the extramuscular large feeding arteries to small arteries in the triceps surae muscle, we developed a new X-ray TV system. The internal diameter, flow velocity, and volume flow of arterial blood vessels were directly measured before and during stimulation of the hypothalamic defense area. The major new finding is that the hypothalamic stimulation causes an intense increase in the internal diameter of small arteries in skeletal muscle, which is abolished either by cholinergic blockade or by the section of the sciatic nerve, but not by combined a -and b -adrenergic blockade. In contrast, the internal diameter of the extramuscular larger arteries does not change during the hypothalamic stimulation, but their flow velocity and volume flow increase. These findings indicate that sympathetic cholinergic vasodilation occurs at intramuscular small arteries with internal diameter of 50 -500 m m, which in turn increases flow velocity and volume flow of upstream blood vessels.

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Section: Newly Detected Arterial Segments During Hypothalamic Stimulasupporting

confidence: 69%

Pharmacology and Physiology of Perivascular Nerves Regulating Vascular Function

Matsukawa

Shirai

Murata

et al. 2002

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…By using this system, we wvere able to show that small arteries with an i.d. ranging from 100 to 500 /am play an important role in the regulation of pulmonary circulation (Sada, Shirai & Ninomiya, 1987;Shirai, Shindo, Shimouchi & Ninomiya, 1994). In the present study we have devised a new X-ray TV system for visualizing small arteries in thick skeletal muscle tissue that are inaccessible to intravital microscopy.…”

Section: Limitations and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct observations of sympathetic cholinergic vasodilatation of skeletal muscle small arteries in the cat.

Matsukawa

Shindo

Shirai

et al. 1997

The Journal of Physiology

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1. The aim of this study was to examine the actual changes of the internal diameter (i.d.) of arterial vessels of skeletal muscle evoked by activation of sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibres during stimulation of the hypothalamic defence area in anaesthetized cats. 2. For this purpose, we have used our novel X-ray TV system for visualizing small arteries (100-500,m i.d.) of the triceps surae muscle and larger extramuscular arteries (500-1400 ,m i.d.) of the hindlimb (the femoral (FA), popliteal (PA) and distal caudal femoral (DCFA) arteries). The passage of a contrast medium from the large extramuscular arteries to the smaller intramuscular arteries was serially measured before and during hypothalamic stimulation. 3. Hypothalamic stimulation increased mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and femoral vascular conductance. The i.d. of FA, PA, and DCFA did not change during the hypothalamic stimulation, whereas the i.d. of small arteries in the triceps surae muscle increased by 48 + 2% (mean + S.E.M.) and the cross-sectional area increased concomitantly by 118%.The maximum increase in i.d. of 78 + 6%, was observed in arteries of 100-200 ,m. These increases in diameter were markedly reduced by intra-arterial injection of atropine or by cutting the sciatic nerve, but not by phentolamine and propranolol given together. 4. The vasodilatation evoked by hypothalamic stimulation was seen in almost all the sections of the small arteries observed under control conditions and was distributed along the entire length of the vessel. In addition, the number of arterial vessels that could be detected increased by 42% during hypothalamic stimulation. The newly detected arterial branches, which ranged from 100 to 300 ,tm in diameter, mostly arose from the branching points. 5. It is concluded that stimulation of sympathetic cholinergic nerve fibres dilates the small arteries of skeletal muscle ranging from 100 to 500/,m, but not the larger extramuscular arteries.

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“…It has been long believed that the regulation of pulmonary haemodynamics and blood flow during exercise is mediated in a passive fashion through the exercise‐associated increases in cardiac output (), with the autonomic nervous system exerting little, if any, influence (Reeves & Taylor 1996; Merkus et al 2008). However, both sympathetic (Szidon & Fishman, 1971; Vanhoutte, 1974; Chand & Altura, 1980) and parasympathetic activation (Wilson et al 1995; Norel et al 1996; Toga et al 1996) are well known to be capable of influencing pulmonary vascular tone in isolated vessels and animal preparations (Duke & Stedeford, 1960; Ingram et al 1968, 1970; Szidon & Fishman, 1971; Kadowitz & Hyman, 1973; Porcelli & Bergofsky, 1973; Piene, 1976; Hyman et al 1981; Nandiwada et al 1983; Sada et al 1987; Hyman & Kadowitz, 1988; Barman, 1995), as well as in intact animals at rest (Kadowitz et al 1974; Murray et al 1986) and during exercise (Kane et al 1993, 1994; Koizumi et al 1996; Strubenitsky et al 1998). Investigations on resting humans have also been supportive of the view that pulmonary vessels and haemodynamics are sensitive to neural influences (Moruzzi et al 1988, 1989 a , b ); however, the exact function of the autonomic nervous system in pulmonary vascular regulation during human exercise is unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

The pulmonary vascular response to combined activation of the muscle metaboreflex and mechanoreflex

White

Lykidis

Balanos

2013

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings r What is the central question of this study?It is currently unknown whether there is a pulmonary vascular response to the combined activation of the muscle and the muscle mechanoreflex in man. r What is the main finding and its importance?For the first time, we show that activation of the muscle mechanoreflex attenuated the increases in pulmonary vascular resistance caused by metaboreflex activation.Muscle metabo-and mechanoreflexes are known to influence systemic cardiovascular responses to exercise. Whether interplay between these reflexes is operant in the control of the pulmonary vascular response to exercise is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the pulmonary vascular response to the combined activation of the two muscle reflexes. Nine healthy subjects performed a bout of isometric calf plantarflexion exercise during local circulatory occlusion, which was continued for 9 min postexercise (PECO). At 5 min into PECO the calf muscle was passively stretched for 180 s. A control (no exercise) protocol was also undertaken. Heart rate, blood pressure measurements and echocardiographically determined estimates of systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) and cardiac output (Q ) were obtained at intervals throughout the two protocols. Elevations in SPAP (by 22.51 ± 2.61%),Q (by 26.92 ± 2.99%) and mean arterial pressure (by 15.38 ± 2.29%) were noted during isometric exercise in comparison to baseline (all P < 0.05). Increases in SPAP and mean arterial pressure persisted during PECO (All P < 0.05), whereasQ returned to resting levels. These increases in mean arterial pressure and SPAP were sustained during stretch which significantly elevatedQ (All P < 0.05). These data suggest that activation of the muscle mechanoreflex attenuated the increases in pulmonary vascular resistance caused by metaboreflex activation. This finding has important implications for the regulation of pulmonary haemodynamics during human exercise.

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Vagally and acetylcholine-mediated constriction in small pulmonary vessels of rabbits

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Pharmacology and Physiology of Perivascular Nerves Regulating Vascular Function

Pharmacology and Physiology of Perivascular Nerves Regulating Vascular Function

Direct observations of sympathetic cholinergic vasodilatation of skeletal muscle small arteries in the cat.

The pulmonary vascular response to combined activation of the muscle metaboreflex and mechanoreflex

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