Vagal reflex inhibition of motility in the abomasal body of sheep by antral and duodenal tension receptors

Cottrell, David F.

doi:10.1007/bf01839200

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The parasympathetic fibers innervate neurons that increase motility and relax abomasal tone. Therefore, afferent and efferent vagal pathways (vagal reflex) are responsible for accommodation and relaxation of the abomasum while the animal is eating (Jahnberg et al, 1977;Cottrell, 1994;Olson and Holmgreen, 2001). Anatomic position, branching, and anastomosis of the vagal nerve vary significantly from animal to animal, which explains different clinical outcomes from similar damage done to branches of the nerve (Hoflund, 1940;Dietz et al, 1970;Baker, 1979).…”

Section: Neural Control Of Abomasal Motility and Emptyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Abomasal emptying in calves and its potential influence on gastrointestinal disease

Burgstaller

Wittek

Smith

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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Creating the ideal nutrition program for calves is a demanding task that has undergone tremendous change in recent years. Products and technologies including novel milk replacers and automated calf feeding systems have been developed to facilitate the ability of dairy producers to feed for higher growth rates before weaning. The creation of new feeding programs and milk replacers has to be looked at carefully, not only from a nutrition point of view but also from the perspective of a potential effect on physiologic digestion and calf health. Abomasal emptying is a critical factor that may link nutrition and disease. The purpose of this article is to review both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are responsible for abomasal emptying. Predominant extrinsic factors controlling abomasal emptying include meal volume, energy density, and osmolality along with the content and source of protein. This article also reviews experimental methods used to measure abomasal emptying in the calf including those that would be appropriate for use under field conditions. Among these methods, the use of ultrasonography and different absorption tests (d-xylose, acetaminophen) as tools to measure abomasal emptying are discussed. The relationship between abomasal emptying and disease is explored, particularly as it relates to abomasal bloat. Abomasal bloat is a complex syndrome that seems to be increasing in frequency and whose etiology likely at least partially involves slowing of abomasal emptying. Suggestions for minimizing the effect of feeding programs on abomasal emptying are explored as well as needs for future research.

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Section: Neural Control Of Abomasal Motility and Emptyingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: Abomasal emptying in calves and its potential influence on gastrointestinal disease

Burgstaller

Wittek

Smith

2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…When motility of the abomasum is inadequate accumulation of gas may occur [3,15,19]. The vagus nerve plays a predominant role in abomasal motility [10,11,19,22,54]. Besides the effect of the vagal nerve, large amounts of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen and abomasum [4,24,50,60,67], endotoxins [62,67,68], metabolic alkalosis [50] and low blood calcium levels [42] are mentioned as plausible causes for a decreased motility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cattle: recent developments in epidemiological and etiological aspects

Winden

Kuiper

2003

Vet. Res.

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-The research with respect to displacement of the abomasum (DA) in dairy cattle is reviewed. Evaluated articles describe epidemiological and experimental studies. The occurrence is elevated with regard to breed, gender, age, concurrent diseases, environmental aspects and production levels as contributing factors and emphasis is placed on the effects of nutrition and metabolism. Reviewing the experimental work, distinction is made between the research into gas production in the abomasum and hypomotility of the abomasum, since both represent presumed pathways in the development of DA. Although the different fields of research have positive contributions to the understanding of the pathogenesis of DA, contradictions in the different studies are present. This is partly due to extrapolation of results from sheep to cows, or because of a low number of cows in the experiments. Finally, general suggestions are made for further research in the field of the pathogenesis of DA. abomasal displacements / risk factors / etiology / review

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“…The results obtained in this study show that hay exerts a more pronounced gallbladder motor response than the grain mixture. It suggests the importance of the given type of mechanoreceptors in the regulation of ovine gallbladder emptying (Cottrell 1994) although a certain role of chemoreceptors cannot be excluded. The gastric mechanisms controlling the gallbladder function were already reported (Toouli and Al-Jiffry 2001;U r a et al 1992) and these mechanisms, originating from the abomasum, might be responsible, at least in part, for the gallbladder dynamics observed in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic Monitoring of Gallbladder Dynamics during Fasting and Feeding Conditions in Sheep

Romanski¹

2004

Acta Vet. Brno

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of real-time ultrasonography for long-term studies of ovine gallbladder motor function and the assessment of the dynamics of gallbladder contractility in various fasting conditions and as the consequence of feeding with hay and grain mixture. Five adult sheep were selected in order to find the gallbladder shape suitable for the application of the ellipsoid method to estimate the gallbladder volume. In these animals, the ultrasonographic maximal-size gallbladder images were obtained every 10 min for periods of 3-5 h. Seven series of gallbladder length and height measurements were performed on each animal and the results were used to estimate the gallbladder volume utilizing the ellipsoid method. In animals fasted for 2 days, the gallbladder volume changed significantly (from 12.4 ± 1.2 to 24.2 ± 2.1 ml) in the fashion of cycles lasting usually longer than 100 min. In 1-day fasted animals, the fluctuations of gallbladder volume were less clear than in 2-day fasted animals and ranged from 16.3 ± 2.2 to 26.8 ± 4.3 ml. Feeding significantly lowered the gallbladder volume which gradually returned to values similar to those during the pre-feeding period. In non-fasted animals, feeding with hay evoked a longer contractile effect (control 30.6 ± 2.9 ml, feeding 14.2 ± 1.1 ml, p < 0.001) than feeding with a grain mixture (control 31.0 ± 3.3 ml, feeding 15.9 ± 3.2 ml, p < 0.05). Thus, the ultrasonographic method for gallbladder motility examination is useful in sheep and may provide important basic and clinical information. Furthermore, the results indicate that pre-duodenal mechanoreceptors and/or chemoreceptors can play a role in the control of gallbladder motility in sheep.

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Vagal reflex inhibition of motility in the abomasal body of sheep by antral and duodenal tension receptors

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Invited review: Abomasal emptying in calves and its potential influence on gastrointestinal disease

Invited review: Abomasal emptying in calves and its potential influence on gastrointestinal disease

Left displacement of the abomasum in dairy cattle: recent developments in epidemiological and etiological aspects

Ultrasonographic Monitoring of Gallbladder Dynamics during Fasting and Feeding Conditions in Sheep

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