Vagal-enteric interface: Vagal activation-induced expression of c-Fos and p-CREB in neurons of the upper gastrointestinal tract and pancreas

Berthoud, Hans‐Rudolf; Patterson, Laurel M.; Zheng, Huiyuan

doi:10.1002/1097-0185(20010101)262:1<29::aid-ar1008>3.0.co;2-b

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thus, we report the first use of a battery of receptor-specific and nonspecific emetogens in combination with Fos-IR in an emesis-capable animal. Our data support the findings of the DVC as a key central component of emesis (Ito et al, 2003; Miller et al, 1994; Van Sickle et al, 2003), and the enteric nervous system as a key peripheral component (Berthoud et al, 2001; Darmani et al, 2008; Kirchgessner et al, 1992). Furthermore, Fos-IR increased in the NTS for all tested agonists (see Table 1), further evidence for its role as a critical site for integration of diverse emetic signals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Receptor-selective agonists induce emesis and Fos expression in the brain and enteric nervous system of the least shrew (Cryptotis parva)

Ray

Chebolu

Darmani

2009

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Research on the mechanisms of emesis has implicated multiple neurotransmitters via both central (dorsal vagal complex) and peripheral (enteric neurons and enterochromaffin cells) anatomical substrates. Taking advantage of advances in receptor-specific agonists, and utilizing Fos expression as a functional activity marker, this study demonstrates a strong, but incomplete, overlap in anatomical substrates for a variety of emetogens. We used cisplatin and specific agonists to 5-HT 3 serotonergic, D 2 /D 3 dopaminergic, and NK 1 tachykininergic receptors to induce vomiting in the least shrew (Cryptotis parva), and quantified the resulting Fos expression. The least shrew is a small mammal whose responses to emetic challenges are very similar to its human counterparts. In all cases, the enteric nervous system, nucleus of the solitary tract, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus demonstrated significantly increased Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-IR). However, Fos-IR induction was notably absent from the area postrema following the dopaminergic and NK 1 receptor-specific agents. Two brain nuclei not usually discussed regarding emesis, the dorsal raphe nucleus and paraventricular thalamic nucleus, also demonstrated increased emesis-related Fos-IR. Taken together, these data suggest the dorsal vagal complex is part of a common pathway for a variety of distinct emetogens, but there are central emetic substrates, both medullary and diencephalic, that can be accessed without directly stimulating the area postrema.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Receptor-selective agonists induce emesis and Fos expression in the brain and enteric nervous system of the least shrew (Cryptotis parva)

Ray

Chebolu

Darmani

2009

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…Although it may be problematic to compare loads that differ significantly in terms of their composition, the outcomes of this study suggest that after habituation to the LF and HF diets, the composition of intragastric loads impacted c-fos much less than the composition of the habitual diet. Again, these data showed that 15 days of an HF diet led to decreased sensitivity to within-meal satiation signals, thus suggesting involvement of the vagal pathway; c-fos expression is a reliable indicator of neuronal activity, and NTS activation can be used to reflect vagal activity (5,12,22). In addition, HF-induced diminished sensitivity to CCK-8 was confirmed by measurements of Fos induction in the NTS in response to intraperitoneal CCK-8, with HF-fed mice exhibiting a lower level of activation than NF-fed littermates, while this difference was not observed in the absence of stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high-fat diet attenuates the central response to within-meal satiation signals and modifies the receptor expression of vagal afferents in mice

Nefti¹,

Chaumontet²,

Fromentin³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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During digestion, macronutrients are sensed within the small intestine. This sensory process is dependent upon the action of gut mediators, such as cholecystokinin (CCK) or serotonin (5-HT), on vagal afferents that, in turn, convey peripheral information to the brain to influence the control of food intake. Recent studies have suggested that dietary conditions alter vagal sensitivity to CCK and 5-HT. This phenomenon may be of importance to the onset of eating disorders. The aim of the present study was thus to investigate the effects of subjecting mice to 15 days of either an HF diet (30% fat, 54% carbohydrate) or an NF diet (10% fat, 74% carbohydrate) on 1) daily and short-term food intake, 2) vagal sensitivity to peripheral anorectic factors and macronutrient loads, and 3) vagal afferent neuron receptor expression. The results indicated that compared with an NF diet, and while increasing food intake and body weight gain, an HF diet altered the short-term response to CCK-8 and intragastric macronutrient loads, while decreasing vagal activation by CCK-8 and modifying the receptor expression of vagal neurons. These findings, therefore, suggest that dietary intervention effect on food intake could be linked to changes in vagal afferent receptor profiles.

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“…Previous studies have successfully demonstrated Fos expression in enteric neurons following various types of stimulation (Kirchgessner et al 1992;Ritter et al 1997;Sharkey et al 1999;Zheng and Berthoud 2000). Zheng et al (1997) and Berthoud et al (2001) have examined rat esophagus for Fos expression in intrinsic neurons following electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve at a frequeny of 16 Hz or 24 Hz. They report that electrical stimulation causes a high proportion (>60%) of esophageal neurons to express Fos.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Vagus nerve stimulation preferentially induces Fos expression in nitrergic neurons of rat esophagus

Kuramoto

Kadowaki

2006

Cell Tissue Res

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To identify neurochemical phenotypes of esophageal myenteric neurons synaptically activated by vagal preganglionic efferents, we immunohistochemically detected the expression of Fos, an immediate early gene product, in whole-mount preparations of the entire esophagus of rats following electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves. When electrical stimulation was applied to either the cervical left (LVN) or right vagus nerve (RVN), neurons with nuclei showing Fos immunoreactivity (IR) were found to comprise approximately 10% of the total myenteric neurons in the entire esophagus. These neurons increased from the oral toward the gastric end of the esophagus, with the highest frequency in the abdominal portion of the esophagus. A significant difference was not found in the number of Fos neurons between the LVN-stimulated and RVN-stimulated esophagus. Double-immunolabeling showed that nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-IR occurred in most (86% and 84% in the LVN-stimulated and RVN-stimulated esophagus, respectively) of the Fos neurons in the entire esophagus. Furthermore, the stimulation of either of the vagus nerves resulted in high proportions (71%-90%) of Fos neurons with NOS-IR, with respect to the total Fos neurons in each segment, in the entire esophagus. However, a small proportion (8% and 7% in the LVN-stimulated and RVN-stimulated esophagus, respectively) of the Fos neurons in the esophagus exhibited choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-IR. The occurrence-frequency of Fos neurons with ChAT-IR was less than 4% of the total Fos neurons in any segment of the LVN-stimulated and RVN-stimulated esophagus. Some of the Fos neurons with ChAT-IR appeared to be innervated by numerous varicose ChAT-positive nerve terminals. The present results showing that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves induces a high proportion of Fos neurons with NOS-IR suggests the preferential activation of NOS neurons in the esophagus by vagal preganglionic efferents. This connectivity between the vagal efferents and intrinsic nitrergic neurons might be involved in inhibitory actions on esophageal motility.

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Vagal-enteric interface: Vagal activation-induced expression of c-Fos and p-CREB in neurons of the upper gastrointestinal tract and pancreas

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Receptor-selective agonists induce emesis and Fos expression in the brain and enteric nervous system of the least shrew (Cryptotis parva)

Receptor-selective agonists induce emesis and Fos expression in the brain and enteric nervous system of the least shrew (Cryptotis parva)

A high-fat diet attenuates the central response to within-meal satiation signals and modifies the receptor expression of vagal afferents in mice

Vagus nerve stimulation preferentially induces Fos expression in nitrergic neurons of rat esophagus

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