Vacuum pyrolysis incorporating microwave heating and base mixture modification: An integrated approach to transform biowaste into eco-friendly bioenergy products

Ge, Shengbo; Foong, Shin Ying; Ling, Nyuk; Liew, Rock Keey; Mahari, Wan Adibah Wan; Xia, Changlei; Yek, Peter Nai Yuh; Peng, Wanxi; Nam, Wai Lun; Lim, Xin Yi; Liew, Chin Mei; Chong, Chi Cheng; Sonne, Christian; Lam, Su Shiung

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.109871

Cited by 160 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Based on the previous research results, including high heating value (HHV), proximate and ultimate analysis, 13 the carbon densification factor (CDF), the energy enrichment factor (EEF), the calorific value improvement (CVI), and the fuel ratio (FR) were calculated according to the following Equations (1)–(4) 16

CDF = C_{torrefied bamboo wastes} / C_{Control}

EEF = {HHV}_{torrefied bamboo wastes} / {HHV}_{Control}

CVI = ((), EEF - 1) \times 100

FR = {Fixed carbon}_{torrefied bamboo wastes} / Volatile {matter}_{torrefied bamboo wastes}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The chemical and structural transformation of bamboo wastes during torrefaction process

Feng

Jin

et al. 2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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To investigate the chemical and structural transformation of bamboo during torrefaction process, bamboo wastes were torrefied at temperatures of 200, 250, and 300°C and residence times of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 hr, whose properties were determined by thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry (PY‐MS), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The results showed that torrefaction improved the energy density and calorific value, reduced the volatile matters, and pollutant emission of bamboo wastes. The chemical and structural transformation of bamboo wastes was due to pyrolysis of some chemical groups. Torrefaction temperatures had the more significant effect than residence times. The energy enrichment factor (EEF), the calorific value improvement (CVI), and fuel ratio (FR) of torrefied bamboo wastes increased with the increase of torrefaction temperatures and residence times. When torrefaction temperatures increased to 300°C, crystalline region of cellulose was destroyed. There were more than 10 families of pyrolysis products, including alcohol, acid, aldehyde, alkane, ester, ether, furan, ketone, phenol, etc. Torrefaction changed the chemical environment of H atoms from aromatics of guaiacs unit, β‐O‐4 structure, β‐β structure to xylan. The β‐O‐4 bond was broken in guaiacle unit and formed aromatization and alkyl side chains. The results will be helpful to reveal torrefaction mechanism of bamboo wastes and further develop their add‐valued utilization as energy products.

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CDF = C_{torrefied bamboo wastes} / C_{Control}

EEF = {HHV}_{torrefied bamboo wastes} / {HHV}_{Control}

CVI = ((), EEF - 1) \times 100

FR = {Fixed carbon}_{torrefied bamboo wastes} / Volatile {matter}_{torrefied bamboo wastes}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, torrefaction effectively reduced the volatile matters of bamboo wastes and the emission of pollutants. 16 Compared with residence times, torrefaction temperatures had a more significant impact on the energy properties of torrefied bamboo wastes.…”

Section: Energy Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical and structural transformation of bamboo wastes during torrefaction process

Feng

Jin

et al. 2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…Commercial plants of pyrolysis and combustion for waste-toenergy are available at industrial scale (Foong et al 2020c;Pio et al 2020), while gasification plant is comparatively limited. Despite that these technologies are commercially available, the research work on optimization and exploration of its further potential is still undergoing vigorously (Ge et al 2020(Ge et al , 2021Gutiérrez et al 2020;Hameed et al 2021;Liew et al 2018b;Ma et al 2019;Pedrazzi et al 2019). Among these, gasification is getting increasing attention due to its capability in producing higher yield of cleaner gaseous fuel such as hydrogen and syngas than combustion and pyrolysis (Jiang et al 2019).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gasification of refuse-derived fuel from municipal solid waste for energy production: a review

et al. 2021

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Dwindling fossil fuels and improper waste management are major challenges in the context of increasing population and industrialization, calling for new waste-to-energy sources. For instance, refuse-derived fuels can be produced from transformation of municipal solid waste, which is forecasted to reach 2.6 billion metric tonnes in 2030. Gasification is a thermalinduced chemical reaction that produces gaseous fuel such as hydrogen and syngas. Here, we review refuse-derived fuel gasification with focus on practices in various countries, recent progress in gasification, gasification modelling and economic analysis. We found that some countries that replace coal by refuse-derived fuel reduce CO 2 emission by 40%, and decrease the amount municipal solid waste being sent to landfill by more than 50%. The production cost of energy via refuse-derived fuel gasification is estimated at 0.05 USD/kWh. Co-gasification by using two feedstocks appears more beneficial over conventional gasification in terms of minimum tar formation and improved process efficiency.

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“…In line with that, biomass-originated energy carriers have been widely endorsed as future energy sources to partially or entirely substitute their petroleum-based counterparts. Among the various techniques used to exploit biomass energy, pyrolysis has attracted a great deal of attention because of its high efficiency (Tripathi et al, 2016; Lam et al, 2019e; Ge et al, 2020b) in converting biomass into various products, including charcoal, condensable vapors (i.e., tar or bio-oil), and permanent gases (Lam et al, 2019d;Yek et al, 2019;Ge et al, 2020a). From the mechanistic viewpoint, biomass pyrolysis processes include sequential steps, i.e., biomass depolymerization, monomer conversion and vaporization, and vapor conversion into ultimate products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the modeling and validation of biomass pyrolysis with a focus on product yield and composition

et al. 2021

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Modeling is regarded as a suitable tool to improve biomass pyrolysis in terms of efficiency, product yield, and controllability. However, it is crucial to develop advanced models to estimate products' yield and composition as functions of biomass type/characteristics and process conditions. Despite many developed models, most of them suffer from insufficient validation due to the complexity in determining the chemical compounds and their quantity. To this end, the present paper reviewed the modeling and verification of products derived from biomass pyrolysis. Besides, the possible solutions towards more accurate modeling of biomass pyrolysis were discussed. First of all, the paper commenced reviewing current models and validating methods of biomass pyrolysis. Afterward, the influences of biomass characteristics, particle size, and heat transfer on biomass pyrolysis, particle motion, reaction kinetics, product prediction, experimental validation, current gas sensors, and potential applications were reviewed and discussed comprehensively. There are some difficulties with using current pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) for modeling and validation purposes due to its bulkiness, fragility, slow detection, and high cost. On account of this, the applications of Py-GC/MS in industries are limited, particularly for online product yield and composition measurements. In the final stage, a recommendation was provided to utilize high-temperature sensors with high potentials to precisely validate the models for product yield and composition (especially CO, CO2, and H2) during biomass pyrolysis.

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Vacuum pyrolysis incorporating microwave heating and base mixture modification: An integrated approach to transform biowaste into eco-friendly bioenergy products

Cited by 160 publications

References 54 publications

The chemical and structural transformation of bamboo wastes during torrefaction process

The chemical and structural transformation of bamboo wastes during torrefaction process

Gasification of refuse-derived fuel from municipal solid waste for energy production: a review

A review on the modeling and validation of biomass pyrolysis with a focus on product yield and composition

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