Vacuum Electromagnetic Levitation Melting of Ti–Al Based Alloy Prepared by Aluminothermic Reduction of Acid Soluble Ti Bearing Slag

Piao, Rongxun; Yang, Sen; Ma, Li; Wang, Tao

doi:10.1007/s12540-019-00295-2

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The melted and levitated sample of a metal can be evaporated at specific temperature and pressure [ 17 ]. For producing NPs, the bulk Al sample must be melted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such eddy currents, in return, react with the magnetic fields, which generate the needed levitation forces. Simultaneously, the eddy currents produce sufficient heat to melt the bulk Al [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The produced vapor, which is achieved from the melted bulk Al, can be condensed upon a cooling medium while the inert gas is passing on molten metal surface into very small size high-purity metallic particles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Analysis and Characterization of High-Purity Aluminum Nanoparticles (Al-NPs) by Electromagnetic Levitation Gas Condensation (ELGC)

2020

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The production of high-purity aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) is challenging due to the highly reactive nature of Al metals. Electromagnetic levitation gas condensation (ELGC) is a promising method to produce high-purity metallic particles as it avoids the interaction between molten metal and refractory-lined, which guarantees the removal of impurities such as oxygen (O). In this research, high-purity Al-NPs were successfully fabricated via ELGC process and fully characterized. The effects of power input and gas flow rate on particle size and distribution were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results showed that the Al-NPs have spherical morphologies with an average diameter of 17 nm and size distribution of NPs is narrow under helium (He) flow rate of 15 L/min at a constant temperature of 1683 ± 10 K. The purity of the NPs was confirmed by utilizing X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Finally, metal purity of 99.976% and 99.97% was measured by AAS and XRF analyses, respectively. Moreover, it was found that increasing gas flow rate and sample temperature results in a decrease in the particle size. The particle sizes for the Al-NPs obtained under He atmosphere were smaller than those obtained under Ar atmosphere.

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“…The melted and levitated sample of a metal can be evaporated at specific temperature and pressure [ 17 ]. For producing NPs, the bulk Al sample must be melted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Analysis and Characterization of High-Purity Aluminum Nanoparticles (Al-NPs) by Electromagnetic Levitation Gas Condensation (ELGC)

2020

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“…Currently, all methods of melting these metals are based on electricity. The following techniques are used: arc remelting (remelted material electrode) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], plasma melting [ 10 , 12 ], electron beam melting [ 10 , 13 , 14 ], melting in a cold crucible [ 15 , 16 ], inductive melting [ 17 ], and melting using electromagnetic levitation [ 18 , 19 ]. Some metals, such as titanium, are particularly difficult to heat treat because they are very reactive at high temperatures, leading to contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation Model for the Inductor of Electromagnetic Levitation Melting and Its Validation

et al. 2023

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This article presents a numerical model of electromagnetic levitation melting and its experimental validation. Levitation melting uses the phenomenon of magnetic induction to float a melted, usually metallic, conductor in an electromagnetic field. With the appropriate configuration of the coil (the source of the alternating magnetic field), the eddy currents induced in the molten batch interact with the coil magnetic field, which causes the melted metal to float without direct contact with any element of the heating system. Such a contactless process is very beneficial for melting very reactive metals (e.g., titanium) or metals with a high melting point (e.g., tungsten). The main disadvantage of levitation melting is the low efficiency of the process. The goal of the authors is to develop, by means of a numerical simulation and optimization tools, a system for levitation melting with acceptable efficiency. To achieve this, it is necessary to develop a reliable and representative computational model. The proposed model includes an analysis of the electromagnetic field, with innovative modeling of the convective heat transport. Experimental validation of the model was performed using aluminum alloy, due to the lack of the need to use a protective atmosphere and the ease of measurements. The measurements included electrical values, the melted batch positions during levitation, the melting time, and the temperature distribution in its area. The verification showed that the compliance between the computational model and the simulation for the position of the batch was accurate to 2 mm (6.25%), and the consistency of the batch melting time was accurate to 5 s (5.49%). The studies confirmed the good representativeness of the developed numerical model, which makes it a useful tool for the future optimization of the levitation melting system.

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“…Therefore, the aluminothermic process, which can produce FeTi alloy from cheap and abundant ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) ore instead of Ti scrap [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], has attracted significant attention. This process is also industrially useful for producing ferroalloys such as ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum, and ferrovanadium, which are used to improve the properties of cast iron and steel [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Aluminothermic Process for Producing Ferrotitanium Alloy from Ilmenite Concentrate

Choi

Chang

Ryu

et al. 2020

Metals

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The aluminothermic process is used for producing ferrotitanium alloy (FeTi) from an ilmenite concentrate. In this study, based on thermodynamic calculations and experiments, we investigated the effects of adding varying amounts of exothermal agent (NaClO3), slag-forming agent (CaO), and reducing agent (Al) on the recovery ratio of Ti in the aluminothermic process. The thermodynamic calculations suggested that the exothermal agent plays a crucial role in producing the FeTi alloy from the ilmenite concentrate and the maximum Ti grade in the FeTi alloy was approximately 30 wt %. Experimentally, it was verified that the FeTi alloy obtained under the optimum mixing conditions contained 30.2–30.8 wt % Ti, 1.1–1.3 wt % Si, 9.5–11.2 wt % Al, and 56.9–58.0 wt % Fe, along with trace impurities and small amounts of gases such as oxygen (0.35–0.66 wt %) and nitrogen (0.01–0.02 wt %). At the optimum mixing conditions, the recovery ratio of Ti into the obtained FeTi alloy phase was 60.6–68.9%. These results matched closely with the thermodynamic calculations. Therefore, the thermodynamic calculations performed herein are expected to significantly contribute toward the development of new processes and improvement in conventional processes for producing various ferroalloys including the FeTi alloy through the aluminothermic process.

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Vacuum Electromagnetic Levitation Melting of Ti–Al Based Alloy Prepared by Aluminothermic Reduction of Acid Soluble Ti Bearing Slag

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Experimental Analysis and Characterization of High-Purity Aluminum Nanoparticles (Al-NPs) by Electromagnetic Levitation Gas Condensation (ELGC)

Experimental Analysis and Characterization of High-Purity Aluminum Nanoparticles (Al-NPs) by Electromagnetic Levitation Gas Condensation (ELGC)

A Simulation Model for the Inductor of Electromagnetic Levitation Melting and Its Validation

Investigating the Aluminothermic Process for Producing Ferrotitanium Alloy from Ilmenite Concentrate

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