Vacuum Carburizing Process: Identification of Mathematical Model and Optimization

Derevyanov, M Yu; Livshits, Mikhail Yu.; Yakubovich, Efim A

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/327/2/022022

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…At present, vacuum carburization technology is replacing the traditional gas carburizing technology and is more and more widely used, especially in the automotive industry. Vacuum low-pressure carburizing is the frontier technology of current heat treatment development [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of Vacuum Low Pressure Carburizing Process in Gear Steel

et al. 2021

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A combination of simulation and experimental approaches to optimize the vacuum carburizing process is necessary to replace the costly experimental trial-and-error method in time and resources. In order to accurately predict the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the vacuum carburizing process, a multi-field multi-scale coupled model considering the interaction of temperature, diffusion, phase transformation, and stress was established. Meanwhile, the improved model is combined with the heat treatment software COSMAP to realize the simulation of the low-pressure vacuum carburizing process. The low-pressure vacuum carburizing process of 20CrMo gear steel was simulated by COSMAP and compared with the experimental results to verify the model. The results indicated that the model could quantitatively obtain the carbon concentration distribution, Fe-C phase fraction, and hardness distribution. It can be found that the carbon content gradually decreased from the surface to the center. The surface carbon concentration is relatively high only after the carburizing stage. With the increase in diffusion time, the surface carbon concentration decreases, and the carburized layer depth increases. The simulated surface carbon concentration results and experimental results are in good agreement. However, there is an error between calculations and observations for the depth of the carburized layer. The error between simulation and experiment of the depth of carburized layer is less than 6%. The simulated surface hardness is 34 HV lower than the experimental surface hardness. The error of surface hardness is less than 5%, which indicates that the simulation results are reliable. Furthermore, vacuum carburizing processes with different diffusion times were simulated to achieve the carburizing target under specific requirements. The results demonstrated that the optimum process parameters are a carburizing time of 42 min and a diffusion time of 105 min. This provides reference and guidance for the development and optimization of the vacuum carburizing process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation of Vacuum Low Pressure Carburizing Process in Gear Steel

et al. 2021

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“…Herein, the cylindrical samples are carburized for 30, 60, 90, and 120 s, and are subsequently weighed. Different from typical carbon flux measurement, the carbon flux of the samples at different times of carburization is calculated separately and defined as the segmented average carbon flux (J e ), as shown in Equation (2).…”

Section: Mathematical Modeling Of Carbon Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low-pressure carburization especially combined with high-pressure gas quenching is a new technology that allows accurate control over the carbide morphology, size, distribution, surface carbon content, and layer depth [1][2][3]. It also offers energy savings and environmental protection and is being applied to various gear steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modeling of Carbon Flux Parameters for Low-Pressure Vacuum Carburizing with Medium-High Alloy Steel

et al. 2020

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Low-pressure vacuum carburizing adopts a pulse process mode to improve the carburizing efficiency and reduces gas and energy consumption. Carbon flux is the key to accurately control the time of strong infiltration and diffusion in each pulse. In order to obtain the carbon fluxes with various materials under diffident carburizing process conditions, an evenly segmented carbon flux method is proposed. A systematic study with each model using different materials (12Cr2Ni4A, 16Cr3NiWMoVNbE, and 18Cr2Ni4WA represent different initial carbon concentrations and different alloy compositions), carburizing temperatures, and carburizing pressures to determine the effect of these conditions on carbon flux is conducted. Compared with traditional segmented carbon flux method, an evenly segmented carbon flux method can predict the actual carbon flux more precisely and effectively in order to finely control the pulse carburization process. The paper also indicates that carbon fluxes increase with the increase of pressure. The optimal carburization pressure for low-pressure vacuum carburization is 300 Pa. Raising the carburization temperature to 980 °C instead of 920 °C can increase effective carbon flux by more than 30%. Among the material compositions, alloy content has the biggest impact over the carbon, initial carbon concentration the second, and saturated carbon concentration the third biggest impact.

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Phase composition and numerical model of low-pressure pulse carburized layer in 15Cr14Co12Mo5Ni2W steel

He,

Zeng,

et al. 2024

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Vacuum Carburizing Process: Identification of Mathematical Model and Optimization

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Modeling and Simulation of Vacuum Low Pressure Carburizing Process in Gear Steel

Modeling and Simulation of Vacuum Low Pressure Carburizing Process in Gear Steel

Mathematical Modeling of Carbon Flux Parameters for Low-Pressure Vacuum Carburizing with Medium-High Alloy Steel

Phase composition and numerical model of low-pressure pulse carburized layer in 15Cr14Co12Mo5Ni2W steel

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