Vaccinia virus tiantan strain is inefficient in eliciting cross-reactive immunity against the emerging monkeypox virus strain

Tian, Lingqian; Zhang, Yongli; Liu, Qiuhong; Ruan, Lianguo; Ren, Fuli; Han, Yang; Zhang, Yanfang; Yang, Lei; Li, Sha; Sun, Hao; Zhang, Yecheng; Zhou, Yuan; Pei, Rongjuan; Deng, Fei; Huang, Chaolin; Chen, Xinwen; Wang, Yun

doi:10.1080/22221751.2024.2306967

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

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Global perspectives on smallpox vaccine against monkeypox: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review of effectiveness, protection, safety and cross-immunogenicity

Liu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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A large outbreak of monkeypox occurred in 2022, and most people lack immunity to orthopoxvirus. Smallpox vaccination is essential for preventing further smallpox outbreaks. This study evaluated the effectiveness, protection, safety, and cross-immunogenicity of smallpox vaccine in preventing monkeypox infection. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from database inception to 10 March 2024. We included studies involving “monkeypox virus” and “vaccinations”, and excluded reviews, animal studies, and articles with missing or duplicate data. A total of 37 studies with 57,693 participants were included in the final analysis. The effectiveness data showed that monkeypox infection rates were lower in the smallpox-vaccinated group than in the unvaccinated group (risk ratio [RR]: 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.68). The protection data showed that smallpox vaccination effectively reduced the risk of severe monkeypox infection (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.42–0.87). Third-generation vaccines showed greater efficacy (RR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22–0.56) than first-generation vaccines. The number of doses of smallpox vaccine has no significant effect on monkeypox. Safety data showed that adverse reactions after smallpox vaccination were mainly mild and included local erythema, swelling, induration, itching, and pain. Meanwhile, we found that smallpox vaccination could induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against monkeypox. Our findings offer compelling evidence supporting the clinical application of the smallpox vaccine for preventing monkeypox and advocate that high-risk groups should be prioritized for receiving one dose of the smallpox vaccine if the vaccine stockpile is low.

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Global perspectives on smallpox vaccine against monkeypox: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review of effectiveness, protection, safety and cross-immunogenicity

Liu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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A Penta-Component Mpox mRNA Vaccine Induced Protective Immunity in Naive and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Nonhuman Primates

Qin,

Ye,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The recent worldwide outbreaks of mpox (monkeypox) prioritize the development of a safe and effective mRNA vaccine. The contemporary mpox virus (MPXV) showed changing virological and epidemiological features, notably affecting populations already vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Herein, we profiled the immunogenicity and protection of AR-MPXV5, a novel penta-component mRNA vaccine targeting five specific proteins (M1R, E8L, A29L, A35R, and B6R) from the representative contemporary MPXV clade II strain, in both naive and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected nonhuman primates. Immunization with two doses of AR-MPXV5 to cynomolgus macaques resulted in robust antibody responses and cellular responses. Importantly, based on the challenge model with a contemporary MPXV clade II strain, AR-MPXV5 provided excellent protection in preventing skin lesions, eliminating viremia and reducing viral loads in multiple tissues including testis after challenge, thereby obviating the possibility of secondary sexual transmission. More importantly, AR-MPXV5 was well-tolerated in stable chronic SIV-infected rhesus monkeys, and comparable MPXV-specific humoral and cellular responses were elicited in both naive and SIV-infected monkeys. Together, these results support further clinical development of the AR-MPXV5 vaccine.

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Vaccinia virus tiantan strain is inefficient in eliciting cross-reactive immunity against the emerging monkeypox virus strain

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Global perspectives on smallpox vaccine against monkeypox: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review of effectiveness, protection, safety and cross-immunogenicity

Global perspectives on smallpox vaccine against monkeypox: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review of effectiveness, protection, safety and cross-immunogenicity

A Penta-Component Mpox mRNA Vaccine Induced Protective Immunity in Naive and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Nonhuman Primates

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