Vaccines based on the replication-deficient simian adenoviral vector ChAdOx1: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment

Folegatti, Pedro M.; Jenkin, Daniel; Morris, Susan; Gilbert, Sarah C.; Kim, Denny; Robertson, James S.; Smith, Emily; Martin, Emalee; Gurwith, Marc; Chen, Robert T.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.008

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…In the case of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, chimpanzee adenovirus is used as a vector to overcome pre-existing Ad immunity [23]. Chimpanzee adenovirus serotypes 63 (ChAd-63), ChAd-68, and ChAd-Y25, which are frequently used, exhibit approximately 90% sequence similarity with the human adenovirus species group E [24,25]. Additionally, up to 90% of residues in three-dimensional positions among ChAd-68, fowl adenovirus 1, Ad2, Ad4, and Ad5 were found to be closely matched when comparing their hexon models using crystallographic methods [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity Differences of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine According to Pre-Existing Adenovirus Immunity

Kim

Lee

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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This study investigated the immunogenicity of, and reactogenicity to, the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine according to pre-existing adenovirus immunity. Individuals scheduled for COVID-19 vaccination were prospectively enrolled in a tertiary hospital with 2400 beds from March 2020 onwards. Pre-existing adenovirus immunity data was obtained before ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. A total of 68 adult patients administered two doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine were enrolled. Pre-existing adenovirus immunity was identified in 49 patients (72.1%), but not in the remaining 19 patients (27.9%). The geometric mean titer of S-specific IgG antibodies was statistically higher in individuals without pre-existing adenovirus immunity at several time points: before the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (56.4 (36.6–125.0) vs. 51.0 (17.9–122.3), p = 0.024), 2–3 weeks after the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (629.5 (451.5–926.5) vs. 555.0 (287.3–926.0), p = 0.049), and 3 months after the second ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 dose (274.5 (160.5–655.3) vs. 176.0 (94.3–255.3), p = 0.033). In the absence of pre-existing adenovirus immunity, systemic events were observed with higher frequency, especially chills (73.7% vs. 31.9%, p = 0.002). In conclusion, individuals without pre-existing adenovirus immunity showed a higher immune response to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination and a higher frequency of reactogenicity to ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination was observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity Differences of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine According to Pre-Existing Adenovirus Immunity

Kim

Lee

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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“…In fact, the first recombinant viral vector was engineered as a VADS almost 40 years ago, when the gene encoding HBsAg (hepatitis‐B surface antigen) was inserted into a modified vaccinia virus. [ 26,27 ] Ever since, various viral vectors have been utilized in veterinary vaccines, but until 2020, no more than five of these VADSs had advanced through clinical trials to licensure and use in humans. Encouragingly, several viral vectored vaccines have been developed against infectious disease as well as noninfectious diseases, particularly cancer in humans.…”

Section: The Viral‐vectored Vaccines and Translational Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, the first recombinant viral vector was engineered as a VADS almost 40 years ago, when the gene encoding HBsAg (hepatitis-B surface antigen) was inserted into a modified vaccinia virus. [26,27] Ever since, various viral vectors have been utilized in veterinary vaccines, but until 2020, no more than five of these VADSs had people worldwide during the time. [28]…”

Section: Overall Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative translational platforms for rapid developing clinical vaccines against COVID‐19 and other infectious disease

Wang,

Wang

2024

Biotechnology Journal

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A vaccine is a biological preparation that contains the antigen capable of stimulating the immune system to form the defense against pathogens. Vaccine development often confronts big challenges, including time/energy‐consuming, low efficacy, lag to pathogen emergence and mutation, and even safety concern. However, these seem now mostly conquerable through constructing the advanced translational platforms that can make innovative vaccines, sometimes, potentiated with a distinct multifunctional VADS (vaccine adjuvant delivery system), as evidenced by the development of various vaccines against the covid‐19 pandemic at warp speed. Particularly, several covid‐19 vaccines, such as the viral‐vectored vaccines, mRNA vaccines and DNA vaccines, regarded as the innovative ones that are rapidly made via the high technology‐based translational platforms. These products have manifested powerful efficacy while showing no unacceptable safety profile in clinics, allowing them to be approved for massive vaccination at also warp speed. Now, the proprietary translational platforms integrated with the state‐of‐the‐art biotechnologies, and even the artificial intelligence (AI), represent an efficient mode for rapid making innovative clinical vaccines against infections, thus increasingly attracting interests of vaccine research and development. Herein, the advanced translational platforms for making innovative vaccines, together with their design principles and immunostimulatory efficacies, are comprehensively elaborated.

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“…The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine has been subjected to large phase III clinical trials with 60,000 participants (Coughlan, 2020, Bibby et al, 2022. As mentioned earlier, simian adenovirus vectors have been used for SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development to address any potential pre-existing immunity against human adenoviruses in the population (Folegatti et al, 2022).…”

Section: Non-human Adenovirus Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To localize and characterize the domains responsible for the interaction with rat and human erythrocytes, potential hemagglutination domains of the adenovirus type 9 (Ad9, subgenus DI) fiber knob was introduced into Ad17 (subgenus DII) and Ad28 (subgenus DIII) fiber knobs by primer-directed mutagenesis (Bibby et al, 2022). Furthermore, rat erythrocyte hemagglutination domains were also introduced into the Ad3 (subgenus B) fiber knob, which only agglutinated monkey erythrocytes (Folegatti e al., 2022). The recombinant proteins were tested in HA tests.…”

Section: Hemagglutinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Adenovirus Vector-based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

Zeedan¹,

Abdalhamed²,

Naguib³

et al. 2023

WVJ

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Adenovirus vectors have been employed to develop a vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) for curtailing the Covid-19 pandemic spreading. Many different viral vectors have been mainly targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein as an antigen. Spike (S) protein is comprised of S1 and S2 subunits, in which the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S1 is responsible for recognizing and engaging with its host cellular receptor protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), S2 accounts for membrane fusion of virus and host cell. Chimpanzee adenovirus was also used as a vector vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 (ChAdSARS-CoV-2-S) by intramuscular injection, and intranasal administration has been tested. Adenovirus vector-based vaccines are the most advanced, with several vaccines receiving Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). It was shown that rhesus macaques were protected from SARS-CoV-2 challenge after a month of being vaccinated with ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S. A single intranasal or two intramuscular ChAd-SARSCoV-2-S vaccines could induce humoral antibodies and T cell responses to protect the upper and lower respiratory tract against SARS-CoV-2. As the effectiveness was demonstrated in non-human primates, ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-Sa potential option for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. However, detecting novel more transmissible and pathogenic SARS-CoV-2 variants added concerns about the vaccine efficacy and needs monitoring. Moreover, the cause of recently documented rare cases of vaccine indicated immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. This review article provided details for the adenovirus vector vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 in humans and tried to provide solutions to the adenovirus vector hemagglutinin issue.

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Vaccines based on the replication-deficient simian adenoviral vector ChAdOx1: Standardized template with key considerations for a risk/benefit assessment

Cited by 18 publications

References 94 publications

Immunogenicity Differences of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine According to Pre-Existing Adenovirus Immunity

Immunogenicity Differences of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine According to Pre-Existing Adenovirus Immunity

Innovative translational platforms for rapid developing clinical vaccines against COVID‐19 and other infectious disease

An Overview of Adenovirus Vector-based Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2

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