Vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus: The time has finally come

Graham, Barney S.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.04.083

Cited by 81 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Overall, ameliorating the uncertainty in the estimates of the burden of severe outcomes (particularly hospitalizations) associated with respiratory virus infections, and increasing the granularity of some of the estimates in the literature (in terms of using a finer age splitting, and providing separate estimates for populations of individuals with certain underlying health conditions) could aid in the design of the corresponding mitigation strategies. In particular, while a variety of RSV vaccine candidates for different populations are currently in different stages of development [18][19][20], target groups for RSV vaccination beyond the infant population are uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza in children, including children having a diagnosis of asthma

Goldstein

Finelli

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza in children, including children having a diagnosis of asthma

Goldstein

Finelli

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…El virus sincitial respiratorio (VSR) es uno de los principales agentes causantes de hospitalizaciones en niños menores de 5 años en todo el mundo y es responsable de tasas significativas de mortalidad en los países en vías de desarrollo (Graham, 2016). El desarrollo de una vacuna contra este agente se ha visto afectado por el hecho de que los niños a quienes se les administró la primera vacuna en los años 60 presentaron una infección más grave que los no vacunados (Higgins, et al, 2016;Modjarrad, et al, 2015).…”

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“…El desarrollo de una vacuna contra este agente se ha visto afectado por el hecho de que los niños a quienes se les administró la primera vacuna en los años 60 presentaron una infección más grave que los no vacunados (Higgins, et al, 2016;Modjarrad, et al, 2015). Sin embargo, los estudios recientes sobre la inmunidad antiviral han generado un ambiente de optimismo sobre la posibilidad de lograr una vacuna contra el VSR segura y eficaz en un futuro cercano (Graham, 2016). Además, dado que la inmunidad materna puede proteger a los neonatos (Chu, et al, 2014), que constituyen una de las poblaciones más vulnerables, se ha planeado administrar la vacuna a las madres durante el embarazo y disminuir indirectamente el riesgo de enfermedad grave por VSR de los niños durante sus primeros meses de vida.…”

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“…Se espera, entonces, que las primeras vacunas que se autoricen se apliquern en mujeres embarazadas y en personas de la tercera edad, otra población particularmente sensible al virus (Giersing, et al, 2016). En este sentido, hoy están en desarrollo 60 vacunas dirigidas precisamente a estos dos grupos de población (Giersing, et al, 2016;Graham, 2016;Higgins, et al, 2016), y aunque la mayoría están en una fase preclínica, 16 de ellas ya están en la fase clínica. Novavax tiene ocho vacunas entre las fases uno y tres, Medimmune tiene cuatro entre las fases uno y dos b y GSK, cuatro en las fases uno y dos (Giersing, et al, 2016;Higgins, et al, 2016).…”

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Prevalencia y periodicidad del virus sincitial respiratorio en Colombia

Barbosa

Parra

Alarcón

et al. 2018

Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.

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ResumenEl virus sincitial respiratorio es uno de los principales agentes causantes de hospitalizaciones en niños menores de 5 años en todo el mundo y es responsable de una significativa mortalidad en los países en vías de desarrollo. Los resultados de estudios recientes sobre la inmunidad antiviral han generado un ambiente de optimismo sobre la posibilidad de lograr una vacuna antiviral segura y eficaz en un futuro cercano. En este contexto, uno de los objetivos del seminario taller sobre integración intersectorial de la investigación en salud, organizado por el Cideim, fue detectar las necesidades de investigación para facilitar la introducción de las vacunas contra el virus sincitial respiratorio en Colombia y, en particular, hacer un análisis de la carga de la enfermedad producida por este agente en Colombia. Como contribución a este último objetivo, en el presente trabajo se hizo la revisión de 36 estudios epidemiológicos y clínicos sobre el virus sincitial respiratorio realizados en el país en los últimos 40 años, con el fin de evaluar históricamente la prevalencia de la enfermedad por este patógeno y la periodicidad reportada en las diferentes ciudades de Colombia. Aunque en varias ciudades existe un pico en la presentación del virus entre marzo y abril, particularmente en Bogotá, la ciudad del país con el mayor número de estudios, en otras ciudades, como Cali, este no parece ser el caso. A pesar de que existe heterogeneidad en la prevalencia de las infecciones por el virus sincitial respiratorio (rango de 7 a 41 %) dependiendo, sobre todo, del tipo de estudio, en los últimos 40 años este ha sido el principal agente responsable de la infección respiratoria baja en niños menores de 5 años en Colombia. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat. Palabras claves:Virus sincitial respiratorio; Periodicidad; Prevalencia; Colombia; Infecciones respiratorias; Niño. Prevalence and periodicity of respiratory syncytial virus in Colombia AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus is one of the main agents responsible for hospitalizations in children under 5 years of age worldwide and is responsible for significant mortality in developing countries. Recent studies on antiviral immunity have created an atmosphere of optismism about the possibility of achieving a safe and effective antiviral vaccine in the near future. In this context, during the course of the Seminar/Workshop: "Intersectoral integration in health research" organized by CIDEIM, one of the objectives was to identify research needs to facilitate the introduction of respiratory syncytial virus vaccines in Colombia and particularly to estimate the disease burden by this agent in the country. In this context, the present work revised the information reported by epidemiologial and clinical studies on respiratory syncytial virus conducted in the country within the past 40 years to describe the disease prevalence and the temporal distribution of this respiratory pathogen in different cities of Colombia. Although in several cities there is a peak in the presentation of t...

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“…While several universal influenza vaccine candidates have been designed, all are in pre-clinical stages of development (82). There are some vaccine candidates for RSV and some PIV types which have entered clinical trials (83)(84)(85). A prophylactic monoclonal antibody, palivizumab, is available for infants and young children at high risk of severe RSV infection (e.g.…”

Section: Treatment and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral/bacterial respiratory tract co-infections in children

Brealey¹

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most significant cause of paediatric acute respiratory infection (ARI). RSV and other respiratory viruses are commonly co-detected with potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, in the upper airways of young children.While these bacteria are known to be carried asymptomatically, they are also capable of opportunistic infections. Interactions between RSV and S. pneumoniae have been demonstrated in both clinical and molecular studies. However, the clinical significance of these interactions remains debated, and the effect of clinically relevant strain variation in both virus and bacteria on these interactions is also unknown. This work aimed to better understand the role of S. pneumoniae colonisation during RSV infections.To determine the effect of RSV and S. pneumoniae co-detection on disease severity during ARI, molecular pathogen screening of nasopharyngeal samples was conducted in a cohort of young children under the age of two years presenting with ARI at the emergency department of the Royal Brisbane Children's Hospital, Australia. S. pneumoniae was co-detected in approximately 52% of RSV infections, and co-detection was associated with increased disease severity, suggesting that S. pneumoniae plays a pathogenic role in severe paediatric RSV infections.Having established a clinical role for S. pneumoniae during RSV infection, the dynamics of pneumococcal colonisation of the nasal cavity was investigated in the four weeks prior and subsequent to an RSV infection in a longitudinal birth cohort of Brisbane-based children.Approximately 33% of infants and young children with RSV infections were colonised by S. pneumoniae prior to the RSV detection, and strain characterisation of S. pneumoniae in the weeks immediately surrounding the viral infection suggested that any observed growth of S. pneumoniae during RSV infection arose from the pre-existing strain colonising the URT. In another 14% of RSV infections, S. pneumoniae was first detected during the virus infection, suggesting simultaneous acquisition of RSV and S. pneumoniae and possible co-transmission of the two pathogens.The results from the two paediatric cohorts suggested an interaction between RSV and S.pneumoniae that was advantageous to the bacteria. It was therefore hypothesised that the molecular mechanisms governing RSV and S. pneumoniae interactions might be pneumococcal strain-specific and stronger in strains frequently co-detected with RSV. Studies have shown that RSV can increase S. pneumoniae colonisation by enhancing pneumococcal adherence to airway epithelia, and virions iii can bind directly to the bacterium to form co-pathogen complexes. These interactions are in part mediated through the binding interactions between S. pneumoniae surface receptors and the RSV G surface glycoprotein. RSV G is highly variable, both antigenically and genetically, and is the main protein used to type RSV into subtypes A and B. The genetic variation of RSV G was characterised from nasophar...

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Vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus: The time has finally come

Cited by 81 publications

References 94 publications

Hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza in children, including children having a diagnosis of asthma

Hospitalizations associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza in children, including children having a diagnosis of asthma

Prevalencia y periodicidad del virus sincitial respiratorio en Colombia

Viral/bacterial respiratory tract co-infections in children

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