Vaccines Against Escherichia coli

Nesta, Barbara; Pizza, Mariagrazia

doi:10.1007/82_2018_111

Cited by 32 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Moreover, it continually encounters a large amount of exogenous agents derived from the diet and environment, as well as infectious microbes ( 2 ). Pathogenic agents such as bacteria, parasites and viruses are a major health and socio-economic burden in both humans and livestock ( 3 , 4 ). A major task of the gastrointestinal ecosystem is to maintain homeostasis in the presence of harmless dietary components and commensal microbiota, whilst eliciting an adequate protective inflammatory response in response to pathogens ( 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins

2021

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The role of dietary components in immune function has acquired considerable attention in recent years. An important focus area is to unravel the role of bioactive dietary compounds in relation to enteric disease and their impact on gut mucosal immunity. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are among the most common and most consumed dietary polyphenols, and are characterised by their variable molecular structures and diverse bioactivities. In particular, their anti-oxidative effects and ability to modulate gut microbiota have been widely described. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanism of action of PAC on the immune system, nor is it clearly established how PAC may influence susceptibility to enteric infections. Establishing the sites of action of PAC and their metabolites within the gut environment is fundamental to determine the applicability of PAC against enteric pathogens. Some mechanistic studies have shown that PAC have direct modulatory effects on immune cell signalling, isolated pathogens, and gut mucosal barrier integrity. Boosting the recruitment of immune cells and suppressing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines are modulating factors regulated by PAC, and can either be beneficial or detrimental in the course of re-establishing gut homeostasis. Herein, we review how PAC may alter distinct immune responses towards enteric bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, and how the modulation of gut microbiota may act as a mediating factor. Furthermore, we discuss how future studies could help unravel the role of PAC in preventing and/or alleviating intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis caused by enteric disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins

2021

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“…In the case of ETEC infection, production of inflammatory cytokines in the mucosal barrier can be decoupled from the acquisition of protective immune mechanisms. Watery diarrhea and tissue damage results from the massive secretory actions of IEC following exposure to enterotoxin, and production of inflammatory mediators such as TNFα and IFNγ may contribute to accompanying fever and inappetence (Bosi et al, 2004;Nesta and Pizza, 2018). In humans, production of IFNγ appears to be associated with reduced clearance of ETEC infection, supporting the idea that the protective immune mechanisms are distinct from the proinflammatory cytokine response (Long et al, 2010).…”

Section: Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dietary phytonutrients and animal health: regulation of immune function during gastrointestinal infections

Williams

Andersen-Civil

Zhu

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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The composition of dietary macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fibers) and micronutrients (vitamins, phytochemicals) can markedly influence the development of immune responses to enteric infection. This has important implications for livestock production, where a significant challenge exists to ensure healthy and productive animals in an era of increasing drug resistance and concerns about the sector’s environmental footprint. Nutritional intervention may ultimately be a sustainable method to prevent disease and improve efficiency of livestock enterprises, and it is now well established that certain phytonutrients can significantly improve animal performance during challenge with infectious pathogens. However, many questions remain unanswered concerning the complex interplay between diet, immunity, and infection. In this review, we examine the role of phytonutrients in regulating immune and inflammatory responses during enteric bacterial and parasitic infections in livestock, with a specific focus on some increasingly well-studied phytochemical classes—polyphenols (especially proanthocyanidins), essential oil components (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and carvacrol), and curcumin. Despite the contrasting chemical structures of these molecules, they appear to induce a number of similar immunological responses. These include promotion of mucosal antibody and antimicrobial peptide production, coupled with a strong suppression of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Although there have been some recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their bioactivity, how these phytonutrients modulate immune responses in the intestine remains mostly unknown. We discuss the complex inter-relationships between metabolism of dietary phytonutrients, the gut microbiota, and the mucosal immune system, and propose that an increased understanding of the basic immunological mechanisms involved will allow the rational development of novel dietary additives to promote intestinal health in farmed animals.

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“…Recently, different vaccine strategies have been used for pathogenic E. coli infection as an alternative to antibiotic therapy ( Rojas-Lopez et al., 2018 ), including vaccines with attenuated toxins ( McKenzie et al., 2007 ; Bitzan et al., 2009 ), attenuated bacterial cell ( Calderon Toledo et al., 2011 ), individual components of virulence factors such as Shiga toxin ( Liu et al., 2009 ), EspA or Intimin ( Oliveira et al., 2012 ), small peptides ( Zhang et al., 2011 ), DNA ( García-Angulo et al., 2014 ) or polysaccharides ( Ahmed et al., 2006 ; van den Dobbelsteen, 2016 ), as well detailed in the literature. Commercial vaccines have aimed the use to protect livestock, such as poultry, swine and bovine herds, against respectively to APEC, like Poulvac® E. coli , ETEC and EHEC infections ( Sadeyen et al., 2015 ; Nesta and Pizza, 2018 ). Vaccines with a modern approach and technology still are a promising strategy to protect against emergent HyPECs infections in humans and livestock.…”

Section: Emerging Hybrids and Alternative Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli as a Multifaceted Pathogenic and Versatile Bacterium

Braz

Melchior

Moreira

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

107

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Genetic plasticity promotes evolution and a vast diversity in Escherichia coli varying from avirulent to highly pathogenic strains, including the emergence of virulent hybrid microorganism. This ability also contributes to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. These hybrid pathogenic E. coli (HyPEC) are emergent threats, such as O104:H4 from the European outbreak in 2011, aggregative adherent bacteria with the potent Shiga-toxin. Here, we briefly revisited the details of these E. coli classic and hybrid pathogens, the increase in antimicrobial resistance in the context of a genetically empowered multifaceted and versatile bug and the growing need to advance alternative therapies to fight these infections.

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Vaccines Against Escherichia coli

Cited by 32 publications

References 139 publications

Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins

Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins

Dietary phytonutrients and animal health: regulation of immune function during gastrointestinal infections

Escherichia coli as a Multifaceted Pathogenic and Versatile Bacterium

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