Vaccine Technology
Abstract: A vaccine is a preparation used to prevent a specific infectious disease by inducing immunity in the host against a specific pathogenic microorganism. Beginning in the 1950s, with the discovery of antibiotics, interest in vaccine research faded; however, the development of biotechnology and modern immunology has created new opportunities for producing new antigens, and vaccine research has become a significant focus once again. Vaccines have been developed against poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis,… Show more
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Cited by 1 publication
References 73 publications
The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Historical Aspects 1.2. Principles and Definitions 1.2.1. Antigens 1.2.2. Antibodies 1.2.3. Immune Response 1.2.4. Active Immunization 1.2.5. Passive Immunization 1.2.6. Genetic Engineering 2. Bacterial Vaccines 2.1. Diphtheria Vaccine 2.2. Tetanus Vaccine 2.3. Pertussis Vaccine 2.4. Typhoid Fever Vaccine 2.5. Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccine 2.6. Shigella Vaccines 2.7. CholeraVaccine 2.8. Vaccines Against Nosocomial Pathogenes 2.9. Meningococcal Meningitis Vaccine 2.10. Tuberculosis Vaccine 2.11. Escherichia coli Vaccines 2.12. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Vaccine 2.13. Hemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccines 3. Viral vaccines 3.1. Measles Vaccine 3.2. Mumps Vaccine 3.3. Rubella Vaccine 3.4. Combined Measles ‐ Mumps ‐ RubellaVaccine 3.5. Polio vaccine 3.6. Hepatitis b Vaccine 3.7. Rabies Vaccine 3.8. Influenza Vaccine 3.9. Varicella Vaccine 3.10. Yellow Fever Vaccine 3.11. Tick‐Borne Encephalitis Vaccine 3.12. Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine 3.13. Smallpox Vaccine 3.14. Rift Valley Fever Vaccine 4. Vaccines against Parasites 4.1. Vaccines against Helminths 4.1.1. Vaccines against Schistosoma 4.1.2. Vaccines against Nematodes 4.1.2.1. Gastrointestinal Nematodes 4.1.2.2. Tissue‐Invading Nematodes (Filariidae) 4.1.3. Vaccines against Cestodes 4.2. Malaria Vaccine 4.2.1. Strategy for Malaria Vaccine Development 4.2.2. Sporozoite Vaccines 4.2.3. Asexual Blood Stage Vaccine 4.2.3.1. Merozoite Surface Antigens 4.2.3.2. Rhoptry antigens 4.2.3.3. Antigens Associated with the Membrane of Infected Erythrocytes 4.2.3.4. Other Proteins and Synthetic Peptides 4.2.4. Sexual Stages‐Transmission Blocking Immunity 5. Immunotherapy 5.1. Gamma Globulin Preparations 5.1.1. Standard Immune Serum Globulin 5.1.2. Immunoglobulin for Intravenous Use 5.1.3. Hyperimmune Globulins and Antitoxins 5.1.4. Production Requirements 5.2. Prophylaxis with Immune Serum Globulin 5.3. Prophylaxis with Hyperimmune Globulins 5.4. Therapy with Immune Serum Globulin 5.5. Prophylaxis and Therapy with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) 5.5.1. Viral Infection 5.5.2. Bacterial Infection 5.5.3. Noninfectious Diseases 5.5.3.1. Therapeutic Effect of IVIG 5.5.3.2. Mechanism of Action 5.6. Prophylaxis and Therapy with Plasma and Other Blood Products 5.7. Adverse Effects of Gamma Globulin Preparations 5.8. Future Prospects 6. Immunotherapeutic Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Bacterial Targets 6.3. Viral and Chlamydial targets 6.4. Parasite Targets
The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Historical Aspects 1.2. Principles and Definitions 1.2.1. Antigens 1.2.2. Antibodies 1.2.3. Immune Response 1.2.4. Active Immunization 1.2.5. Passive Immunization 1.2.6. Genetic Engineering 2. Bacterial Vaccines 2.1. Diphtheria Vaccine 2.2. Tetanus Vaccine 2.3. Pertussis Vaccine 2.4. Typhoid Fever Vaccine 2.5. Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccine 2.6. Shigella Vaccines 2.7. CholeraVaccine 2.8. Vaccines Against Nosocomial Pathogenes 2.9. Meningococcal Meningitis Vaccine 2.10. Tuberculosis Vaccine 2.11. Escherichia coli Vaccines 2.12. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Vaccine 2.13. Hemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccines 3. Viral vaccines 3.1. Measles Vaccine 3.2. Mumps Vaccine 3.3. Rubella Vaccine 3.4. Combined Measles ‐ Mumps ‐ RubellaVaccine 3.5. Polio vaccine 3.6. Hepatitis b Vaccine 3.7. Rabies Vaccine 3.8. Influenza Vaccine 3.9. Varicella Vaccine 3.10. Yellow Fever Vaccine 3.11. Tick‐Borne Encephalitis Vaccine 3.12. Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine 3.13. Smallpox Vaccine 3.14. Rift Valley Fever Vaccine 4. Vaccines against Parasites 4.1. Vaccines against Helminths 4.1.1. Vaccines against Schistosoma 4.1.2. Vaccines against Nematodes 4.1.2.1. Gastrointestinal Nematodes 4.1.2.2. Tissue‐Invading Nematodes (Filariidae) 4.1.3. Vaccines against Cestodes 4.2. Malaria Vaccine 4.2.1. Strategy for Malaria Vaccine Development 4.2.2. Sporozoite Vaccines 4.2.3. Asexual Blood Stage Vaccine 4.2.3.1. Merozoite Surface Antigens 4.2.3.2. Rhoptry antigens 4.2.3.3. Antigens Associated with the Membrane of Infected Erythrocytes 4.2.3.4. Other Proteins and Synthetic Peptides 4.2.4. Sexual Stages‐Transmission Blocking Immunity 5. Immunotherapy 5.1. Gamma Globulin Preparations 5.1.1. Standard Immune Serum Globulin 5.1.2. Immunoglobulin for Intravenous Use 5.1.3. Hyperimmune Globulins and Antitoxins 5.1.4. Production Requirements 5.2. Prophylaxis with Immune Serum Globulin 5.3. Prophylaxis with Hyperimmune Globulins 5.4. Therapy with Immune Serum Globulin 5.5. Prophylaxis and Therapy with Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) 5.5.1. Viral Infection 5.5.2. Bacterial Infection 5.5.3. Noninfectious Diseases 5.5.3.1. Therapeutic Effect of IVIG 5.5.3.2. Mechanism of Action 5.6. Prophylaxis and Therapy with Plasma and Other Blood Products 5.7. Adverse Effects of Gamma Globulin Preparations 5.8. Future Prospects 6. Immunotherapeutic Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Bacterial Targets 6.3. Viral and Chlamydial targets 6.4. Parasite Targets
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