Vaccine myopia: adult vaccination also needs attention

Menzies, Robert; Leask, Julie; Royle, Jenny; MacIntyre, C. Raina

doi:10.5694/mja16.00811

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…We focused on two vaccines as proxies for catch-up vaccination in general, but other vaccines that may be missed in early childhood or are required by people with particular medical conditions are also important but insufficiently delivered to adults. 22 Vaccination of young people and adults should be more readily monitored as the AIR matures, including through the transfer of data from jurisdictional school-based vaccination programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“No jab, no pay”: catch‐up vaccination activity during its first two years

Hull

Beard

Hendry

et al. 2020

Medical Journal of Australia

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hildhood vaccination coverage in Australia is high by international standards. 1 Coverage increased from 1997 with the introduction of vaccination incentives and improved recording in the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR), 2 especially among 12-and 24-month-old children, but plateaued at 90-92% in the decade to 2014. 2,3 The proportion of 12-month-old children deemed fully vaccinated reached 93.9% in 2018, and that of 60-month-old children reached 94.0%, having increased from less than 83% in 2009. 4 These figures are close to the national target of 95%, the level required for herd immunity for measles control. 5 A number of initiatives for increasing vaccination coverage in children have been introduced in Australia in recent years. State-specific "No jab, no play" policies, adopted by four of eight jurisdictions by January 2020, permit children to attend childcare only if they are fully vaccinated, enrolled in an approved catch-up program, or have medical reasons for not being vaccinated. 5 The national "No jab, no pay" policy, 6,7 introduced on 1 January 2016, extended the existing vaccination requirements for receiving federal family assistance payments 8 by removing nonmedical (conscientious objection) exemptions and tightening guidelines for medical exemptions. 5,9 Payments with vaccination requirements-the Family Tax Benefit part A supplement and Child Care Benefit/Child Care Rebate (replaced by the Child Care Subsidy from July 2018)-may total $15 000 per child per year for lower income families. 7 In 2016-17, 39% of the more than 4 million families in Australia with children received the means-tested Family Tax Benefit part A, and 22% received the Child Care Rebate (not means-tested at that time) or the Child Care Benefit. 10-12 Until 2012, vaccination requirements for family assistance payments were assessed at 2 and 5 years of age, and at 1, 2, and 5 years of age during 2012-2015. 8,13,14 Under "No jab, no pay", they were initially assessed annually to the age of 20 years, but eligibility for the Child Care Subsidy has been assessed fortnightly since 1 July 2018. "No jab, no pay" was accompanied by ACIR extending its recording of vaccinations to 20 (instead of 7) years of age, and subsequently expanding to the whole-of-life Australian Immunisation Register (AIR) as part of a package of initiatives for strengthening the vaccination program. 3 Some countries have long standing compulsory vaccination policies, and others have recently introduced or are considering them, but national monetary sanction policies are unique to Australia, 15 attracting international interest. 9 Evidence for their effectiveness in increasing vaccination rates is limited. 8,15 Given its greater impact on socioeconomically disadvantaged families, the effectiveness of "No jab, no pay", its impact on access to early childhood education, and other aspects of social equity have also caused concern. 6,7 The effects of "No jab, no pay" have not been formally assessed. As vaccination coverage increased both before and aft...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“No jab, no pay”: catch‐up vaccination activity during its first two years

Hull

Beard

Hendry

et al. 2020

Medical Journal of Australia

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“…Many high-and middle-income countries have adopted influenza vaccines [28], however few have adopted more than one vaccine for older adults or have comprehensive adult immunization strategies. Countries that have adopted adult vaccines appear to have taken different pathways to policy adoption [29][30][31][32][33]. Further, to be prepared for healthy aging, countries must think holistically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archetype analysis of older adult immunization decision-making and implementation in 34 countries

Privor-Dumm

Vasudevan

Kobayashi

et al. 2020

Vaccine

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“…In countries which provided data, coverage was typically around 20% points lower for this group than for the elderly, and in Australia 45% lower 5. Low vaccination coverage in this large population resulted in this group constituting an estimated 44% of all eligible but undervaccinated Australians 10…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using general practice data to monitor influenza vaccination coverage in the medically at risk: a data linkage study

Badmus

Menzies

2019

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveTo examine the possibility of using data from a network of Australian General Practices (GPs) to estimate influenza vaccination coverage in Australians medically at risk.DesignData electronically extracted from a large national network of Australian GP clinics (MedicineInsight) was analysed for annual influenza vaccination coverage from 2008 to 2014. We compared the results with the 2009 and 2014 Adult Vaccination Survey. We adjusted for differences in the distribution of age, risk groups and provider types.SettingAll states in Australia.ParticipantsGPs participating in MedicineInsight programme.InterventionsNot applicable.Main outcome measuresAnnual vaccination coverage across risk groups as recorded in Adult Vaccination Survey in 2009 and 2014 were compared with vaccination coverage in MedicineInsight. The impact of National Immunisation Programme expansion of free vaccine in 2010 to cover patients aged <65 years with medical risk factors.ResultsThe proportion of MedicineInsight patients aged ≥18 years and diagnosed with medical risk factors was higher in 2014 (33.2%), compared with the AVS in 2009 (25%). In 2009, influenza vaccination coverage estimates for those aged 18–64 years with medical risk factors was lower for MedicineInsight patients compared with the AVS (26% vs 36%). There was no evidence of any change in coverage between 2008 and 2014, despite the vaccine being available free of charge to this group from 2010.ConclusionGeneral practice databases have the potential to help fill the gap in vaccination coverage data in patients with medical risk factors.

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Vaccine myopia: adult vaccination also needs attention

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

“No jab, no pay”: catch‐up vaccination activity during its first two years

“No jab, no pay”: catch‐up vaccination activity during its first two years

Archetype analysis of older adult immunization decision-making and implementation in 34 countries

Using general practice data to monitor influenza vaccination coverage in the medically at risk: a data linkage study

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