Vaccine mRNA Can Be Detected in Blood at 15 Days Post-Vaccination

Fertig, Tudor Emanuel; Chițoiu, Leona; Marta, Daciana; Ionescu, V.; Cismasiu, Valeriu B.; Radu, Eugen; Angheluta, Giulia; Dobre, Maria; Serbanescu, Ana; Hinescu, Mihail Eugen; Gherghiceanu, Mihaela

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10071538

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are based on lipid nanoparticles containing mRNA encoding the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. The vaccine has been engineered in several ways to protect the mRNA contents from breakdown and to assure that cells transfected with it produce large quantities of spike protein at a high production rate over a long time period [ 14 - 18 ]. A comprehensive study using bioinformatics has identified a large number of viral proteins from diverse species that have prion-like signatures in their genetic sequence.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Potential Role of the Spike Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review

Seneff¹,

Kyriakopoulos²,

Nigh³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Human prion protein and prion-like protein misfolding are widely recognized as playing a causal role in many neurodegenerative diseases. Based on in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence relating to prion and prion-like disease, we extrapolate from the compelling evidence that the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 contains extended amino acid sequences characteristic of a prion-like protein to infer its potential to cause neurodegenerative disease. We propose that vaccine-induced spike protein synthesis can facilitate the accumulation of toxic prion-like fibrils in neurons. We outline various pathways through which these proteins could be expected to distribute throughout the body. We review both cellular pathologies and the expression of disease that could become more frequent in those who have undergone mRNA vaccination. Specifically, we describe the spike protein’s contributions, via its prion-like properties, to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases; to clotting disorders within the vasculature; to further disease risk due to suppressed prion protein regulation in the context of widely prevalent insulin resistance; and to other health complications. We explain why these prion-like characteristics are more relevant to vaccine-related mRNA-induced spike proteins than natural infection with SARS-CoV-2. We note with an optimism an apparent loss of prion-like properties among the current Omicron variants. We acknowledge that the chain of pathological events described throughout this paper is only hypothetical and not yet verified. We also acknowledge that the evidence we usher in, while grounded in the research literature, is currently largely circumstantial, not direct. Finally, we describe the implications of our findings for the general public, and we briefly discuss public health recommendations we feel need urgent consideration. An earlier version of this article was previously posted to the Authorea preprint server on August 16, 2022.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Potential Role of the Spike Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review

Seneff¹,

Kyriakopoulos²,

Nigh³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Once taken up by the host cell, the mRNA is released and translated into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which is then processed into peptides that get displayed on the cell surface for immune recognition. 32 Vaccine mRNA has been detected in the plasma of vaccine recipients in low levels in the days after vaccination, 33 so there exists a theoretical possibility that mRNA from the maternal circulation could be excreted intact into breast milk.…”

Section: Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles and Vaccine Mrna: Detectio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Efficacy of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccines During Lactation

Shook

Edlow

2023

Obstetrics &Amp; Gynecology

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“…The vaccinal spike protein is fully capable of spreading to neighboring cells and tissues, entering and breaking the endothelial barrier area, causing microbursts into major blood vessels and the formation of blood clots and micro clots, and spreading at the systemic level. A recent peer-reviewed study demonstrated that the blood of people who received two doses of the spike protein vaccine contained significant quantities of spike protein for at least 15 days after the administration of the second dose (Fertig et al, 2022). Following the injection of the mRNA encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle layer, the molecule was found to be distributed from the local area of the deltoid muscle into the lymphatic system prior to the reach of the endothelial barrier and the bloodstream.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Mass Vaccination Campaigns -What Went Wrong?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Evolution: The Dilemma of Direct and Indirect Viral Self-Camouflaging

Carp¹

2023

Preprint

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Microbial immune escape represents the primary cause of induced pathogenesis in humans, and it represents a pivotal method used by viral agents to increase their load and suppress key mechanisms of the innate and adaptive immune system. This phenomenon represents the primary factor that led to the onset of the 1918-1920 A(H1N1) Influenza and 2020-2022 COVID-19 pandemics, and it possibly played a major role in the onset of the AIDS pandemic as well. Moreover, repeated incidents of immune evasion could be associated with higher rates of cellular aging (Jackson et al., 2017), most likely due to the consequent increased demands of energy consumption. Highly developed viral immune evasion ultimately indicates the high inner intelligence of human immunity due to reflective and imitative characteristics of reactions that are produced against initial actions. Ribonucleic acid-based viral genomes contain open reading frames, which consist of genes producing sixteen non-structural proteins. Such proteins play a considerable role in desensitizing first-line immunity during cellular infection, and non-structural proteins 1, 10 and 16 have the strongest effects against a healthy expression rate of Type I and Type III Interferon-encoding genes. Type I Interferons consist of IFN-alpha, -beta, -delta, -epsilon, -omega, -tau and -zeta, whilst Type III Interferons consist of IFN-lambda1, -lambda2 and -lambda3, and they act as stimulators of intracellular signalling cascades that in turn lead to the activation and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (Brown et al., 2022). The earlier the interferon-stimulated genes are activated, the lower the extent of pro-inflammatory mediation and overall, the more effective the antiviral immune response will be, given the exponential nature of the viral load increase. Non-structural protein 16 methylates the 5’ cap of the virus, making the pathogen-associated molecular patterns less recognisable by pattern-recognition receptors, and it requires activation by bonding with non-structural protein 10. It is preserved in the S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine pocket of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) directly cleaves the host cell mRNA producing Type I and possibly Type III Interferons, thereby preventing a translation process of the immune proteins. NS1 has recently been found to often be packaged into exosomes once secreted by the viral genome in the cytosol, meaning that exocytosis and paracrine signalling to neighbouring cells before their actual infection is possible. As a result, NS1 is highly capable of silencing the first-line immune responses of uninfected neighbouring cells as well, thereby highlighting the need to adjust the focus of therapeutics and vaccinology toward first-line immunity and further indicating its foundational importance in the support for the development of precise and balanced defenses against microbial agents of concern (EL SAFADI et al., 2022).

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Vaccine mRNA Can Be Detected in Blood at 15 Days Post-Vaccination

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

A Potential Role of the Spike Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review

A Potential Role of the Spike Protein in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review

Safety and Efficacy of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA Vaccines During Lactation

Microbial Evolution: The Dilemma of Direct and Indirect Viral Self-Camouflaging

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