Vaccine hesitancy in East Malaysia (Sabah): A survey of the national COVID-19 immunisation programme

Jafar, Adi; Mapa, Mohammad Tahir; Sakke, Nordin; Dollah, Ramli; Joko, Eko Prayitno; Atang, Colonius; Ahmad, Syahruddin Awang; Hung, Chong Vun; Geogre, Fionna

doi:10.4081/gh.2022.1037

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Unfortunately, until mid-2022, the number of PICK registrations (particularly for booster dose) in Malaysia remained low and unsatisfactory [21], owing mostly to poor participation, particularly in East Malaysia (Sabah) [22]. Among 14 states in Malaysia, Sabah recorded the second-lowest vaccination rate, just behind Kelantan [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: Exploring factors and identifying highly vulnerable groups

et al. 2022

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Vaccine hesitancy is a global health challenge in controlling the virulence of pandemics. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy will put highly vulnerable groups, such as the elderly or groups with pre-existing health conditions, at a higher risk, as seen with the outbreak of the pandemic Covid-19. Based on the trends of vaccine hesitancy in the state of Sabah, located in East Malaysia, this study seeks to identify several variables that contribute to vaccine hesitancy. In addition to this, this study also determines which groups are affected by vaccine hesitancy based on their demographics. This study is based on a sampling of 1,024 Sabahan population aged 18 and above through an online and face-to-face questionnaire. The raw data was analysed using the K-Means Clustering Analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal-Wallis Test, and frequency. The K-Means Clustering found that more than half of the total number of respondents (Cluster 2 = 51.9%) tend to demonstrate vaccine hesitancy. Based on the PCA analysis, six main factors were found to cause vaccine hesitancy in Sabah: confidence (var(X) = 21.6%), the influence of local authority (var(X) = 12.1%), ineffectiveness of mainstream media (var(X) = 8.4%), complacency (var(X) = 7.4%), social media (var(X) = 6.4%), and convenience issues (var(X) = 5.8%). Findings from both Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests demonstrate that several factors of group demographics, such as employment status, level of education, religion, gender, and marital status, may explain the indicator of vaccine hesitancy. In particular, specific groups tend to become vaccine hesitancy such as, unemployed, self-employed, students, male, single, level of education, and Muslim. Findings from this empirical study are crucial to inform the relevant local authorities on the level of vulnerability among certain groups in facing the hazards of COVID-19. The main contribution of this study is that it seeks to analyse the factors behind vaccine hesitancy and identifies which groups more likely hesitant toward vaccines based on their demographics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: Exploring factors and identifying highly vulnerable groups

et al. 2022

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“…To the west of Kudat is the South China Sea, and to the east is the Sulu Sea. (21) (22) (23) The study area covers Kampung Tanjung Kapor with an estimated population of 400-450 houses as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence Of Socioeconomic Background On Community Behaviour In Face Mask Waste Management During The COVID-19 Pandemic In Kudat, Malaysia

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The outbreak of COVID-19 spread at the beginning of 2019, and the spread of COVID-19 became increasingly uncontrolled in December 2019, resulting in most countries being severely affected in terms of economy or health. A face mask is an alternative in reducing the spread of disease through the air, either through nasal or oral droplets such as sneezing and coughing. However, using disposable face masks has created a new problem in waste management concerning facemask after-usage handling. Therefore, the objective of this study on community behavior in facemask waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic is to identify the influence(s) of community background(s) on the handling of facemask waste. A probability sampling method was used involving 220 respondents who were selected at random. The research method is in the form of a survey, which is then analyzed using regression analysis. The study's results found that the variables such as gender, education level, and total income affected the community's behavior in managing face mask waste. Therefore, the effectiveness of implementing guidelines and policies should be more thorough so that issues related to the disposal of face mask waste can be reduced.

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“…However, low confidence in the vaccine and mistrust in the government were two of the top reasons that Malaysians chose to not get the vaccine. The implementation of a failed government program likely contributed to the discrepancy in anticipated vaccine hesitancy and actual vaccination rates ( 57 ). In February 2021, the Malaysian government proposed the creation of the NIP (National Immunization Program) which aimed to vaccinate 80% of the population by February 2022.…”

Section: Booster Hesitancy and Acceptance Abroadmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine and booster hesitation around the world: A literature review

Shah

Coiado

2023

Front. Med.

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The development of COVID-19 vaccines has helped limit the extent of the pandemic, which over the past 2 years has claimed the lived of millions of people. The Moderna and Pfizer COVID-19 vaccines were the first to be manufactured using mRNA technology. Since then, other manufacturers have built their own vaccines which utilize adenovirus vector, whole inactivated coronavirus, and protein subunit methods. Given the continued mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a booster of the COVID-19 vaccine offers additional protection for citizens, especially those with comorbid conditions. However, uptake of the vaccine and booster has faced hurdles. This literature review aims to analyze the acceptance of the COVID-19 booster among different populations throughout the world. Keywords searched include “COVID-19 vaccine rates OR COVID-19 booster rates,” “COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy,” “COVID-19 booster hesitancy,” “reasons against COVID-19 vaccine,” “reasons for COVID-19 vaccine,” and “COVID-19 vaccine acceptance” (for each country). Research articles indexed in PubMed, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Library, and Google Scholar were included. Despite the proven effectiveness of the COVID-19 booster, vaccine hesitancy is still causing suboptimal compliance to the primary vaccine and booster, thus slowing down control of the pandemic. Reasons for vaccine hesitancy differ by country and acceptance is affected by misinformation, political circumstances, and cultural values. Among the most common reasons found are distrust in the government, a lack of safety information, and fear of side effects. Uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine has also been delayed in low and middle income countries due to resource allocation and as a result, these countries have fallen behind vaccination benchmarks. The future of COVID-19 vaccination is unknown, but vaccine mandates and additional booster doses are a possibility. Determining the ethical impact that these policies could have will allow for the best implementation.

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Vaccine hesitancy in East Malaysia (Sabah): A survey of the national COVID-19 immunisation programme

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: Exploring factors and identifying highly vulnerable groups

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Malaysia: Exploring factors and identifying highly vulnerable groups

The Influence Of Socioeconomic Background On Community Behaviour In Face Mask Waste Management During The COVID-19 Pandemic In Kudat, Malaysia

COVID-19 vaccine and booster hesitation around the world: A literature review

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