Vaccine Hesitancy, Anti-Vax, COVID-Conspirationism: From Subcultural Convergence to Public Health and Bioethical Problems

Raballo, Andrea; Poletti, Michele; Preti, Antonio

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.877490

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…The findings of Study 1 indicate that most unvaccinated participants are hesitant individuals, or “fence-sitters,” [ 56 ] except for a few anti-vaxxers. They tend to have a cautious “wait-and-see” attitude because of unforeseen risks and uncertainty involved with COVID-19 vaccines [ 57 ]. A major barrier for these hesitant young adults to receiving COVID-19 vaccines is related to the safety and efficacy of vaccines, fueled by fast clinical trials, emergency approval processes, and the vaccine distribution process involving monetary incentives.…”

Section: Overall Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and short-term and long-term intentions among unvaccinated young adults: a mixed-method approach

et al. 2022

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Background Only 63.8% of Americans who are 18-to-24-years-old have been fully vaccinated for COVID-19 as of June 1, 2022. The Grand Forks County, North Dakota is facing a similar challenge. As of June 2022, 47% of individuals in the 19-to-29-year-old age group are vaccinated. Focusing on unvaccinated individuals in their 20s, Study 1 aims to understand the ways in which receiving COVID-19 vaccines is construed using qualitative interviews; and Study 2 compares the predictors of short-term vaccination intention (i.e., next month) with those of long-term vaccination intention (i.e., three to 5 years) using an online survey. Methods For Study 1, we conducted five focus groups and four in-depth interviews via Zoom with a total of 26 unvaccinated individuals in their 20s living in the Grand Forks County. Constant comparison process was used to categorize data into themes and to recognize characteristics of the identified themes. The aim was to develop themes and associated characteristics. For Study 2, we conducted an online survey with a convenience sample of 526 unvaccinated individuals. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between attitudes, perceptions, and beliefs in misinformation and short-term and long-term vaccination intentions, accounting for demographics and socioeconomic status. Results In Study 1, two themes were identified: feelings of uncertainty sparked by profits and monetization and navigating the fear of the unknown. In Study 2, an increase in the confidence of COVID-19 vaccines showed significantly higher odds of short-term intention (OR = 2.658, 95%CI 1.770, 3.990) and long-term intention (OR = 1.568, 95% CI 1.105, 2.226). Believing in misinformation had significantly lower odds of short-term intention (OR = 0.712, 95%CI 0.513, 0.990), while more positive attitudes (OR = 1.439, 95% CI 1.024, 2.024), stronger preference in calculating the benefits of COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 2.108, 95% CI 1.541, 2.882), and greater perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.471, 95% CI 1.045, 2.070) to and severity of contracting COVID-19 (OR = 1.362, 95% CI 1.020, 1.820) were significantly associated with higher odds of long-term intention. Conclusions Short-term and long-term intentions were predicted differently. Instilling strong confidence in COVID-19 vaccines should increase both short-term and long-term intentions.

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Section: Overall Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and short-term and long-term intentions among unvaccinated young adults: a mixed-method approach

et al. 2022

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“…To overcome the impact of the actions of antivaccine groups and regardless of social and economic circumstances and the health emergency, efforts and resources must be allocated and dedicated to preserve historic achievements in vaccinating populations, for example the eradication of smallpox in 1980 and the elimination of polio in the Americas in 1994 (35,36). One of the most powerful strategies to overcome the challenges of antivaccination campaigns is to ensure that communities have confidence in the use of vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic documentation of the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines in Latin America and the Caribbean

Jimbo-Sotomayor,

da Costa Oliveira,

Acurio

et al. 2024

Revista Panamericana De Salud Pública

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Objective. To document the process of introducing COVID-19 vaccines in a selection of Latin American and Caribbean countries, including the lessons learned and the strengths and weaknesses, and similarities and differences among programs. Methods. This descriptive study is based on a systematic evaluation of the process of introducing COVID-19 vaccines in Argentina, Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Panama and Peru. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to key stakeholders. Six informants from each of the included countries participated in this study. The period of the study was from December 2021 through September 2022. Results. The main strengths reported by countries were health workers’ commitment to delivering vaccinations, evidence-based decision-making, the development of plans for vaccine introduction, the participation of national immunization technical advisory groups, the availability of economic resources and positive actions from the respective Ministry of Health. The main challenges were the actions of antivaccination groups, problems with electronic immunization registries, a lack of vaccines, delays in the delivery of vaccines and the scarcity of health personnel at the local level. Conclusions. Commitment, the participation of multiple sectors, the availability of resources and preparedness planning were some of the many strengths shown by countries introducing COVID-19 vaccines. Weaknesses included third parties’ interests, the lack of information systems and difficulty in accessing vaccines and vaccine services. There is a window of opportunity for countries to maintain the good practices that allowed for the processes’ strengths and to assess the identified weaknesses to invigorate immunization programs and prepare for future health crises.

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“…Regulation as form of othering and abandonment. It is noteworthy that in discussing participants who saw regulation as a form of "othering" that there are similarities in many of these responses to forms of language used in negative responses to COVID-19 restrictions, vaccination and other forms of government mandate (Raballo et al, 2022). This group almost universally sees regulation imposed upon them by others with control over their work and livelihood.…”

Section: Factors Impacting Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Australian paramedics following the introduction of professional regulation: a qualitative exploration

Reed,

Cowin,

O'Meara

et al. 2024

IJES

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PurposeParamedics became nationally registered in 2018 in Australia. Prior to this, there was no central regulation of the profession with reliance on organisational regulation through employers. As paramedics expanded their scope, role and range of employers, especially outside statutory agencies, there was increasing need to engage in professional regulation. Regulation is more than a legal and bureaucratic framework. The purpose of the paper states that the way paramedics interact with their new regulatory environment impacts and is influenced by the professionalisation of the discipline. Regulation also redefines their positionality within the profession.Design/methodology/approachTwo mixed-method surveys were undertaken. A pre-registration survey occurred in the month prior to regulation commencing (N = 419) followed by the second survey 31 months later (N = 407). This paper reports the analysis of qualitative data from the post-registration survey and provides comparison to the pre-registration survey which has been previously reported. Analysis was undertaken using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA).FindingsThemes from the pre-registration survey continued however became more nuanced. Participants broadly supported registration and saw it as empowering to the profession. Some supported registration but were disappointed by its outcome, others rejected registration and saw it as divisive and oppressive.Originality/valueParamedics are beginning to come to terms with increasing professionalisation, of which regulation is one component. Changes can be seen in professional identity and engagement with professional practice; however, this is nascent and is deserving of additional research to track the profession as it continues to evolve.

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Vaccine Hesitancy, Anti-Vax, COVID-Conspirationism: From Subcultural Convergence to Public Health and Bioethical Problems

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and short-term and long-term intentions among unvaccinated young adults: a mixed-method approach

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and short-term and long-term intentions among unvaccinated young adults: a mixed-method approach

Systematic documentation of the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines in Latin America and the Caribbean

Perceptions of Australian paramedics following the introduction of professional regulation: a qualitative exploration

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