Vaccine for a neglected tropical disease <i>Taenia solium</i> cysticercosis: fight for eradication against all odds

Kaur, Rimanpreet; Arora, Naina; Rawat, Suraj Singh; Keshri, Anand Kumar; Sharma, S.; Mishra, Amit; Singh, Gagandeep; Prasad, Amit

doi:10.1080/14760584.2021.1967750

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Following completion of anthelmintic therapy, repeat neuroimaging is done every 6 months until there is resolution of the cystic lesions. For individuals with multiple lesions, antiseizure therapy is tapered and discontinued after being seizure‐free for 24 consecutive months 2,4 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocysticercosis: A neglected but preventable cause of seizure in adults

Adjei,

Obese,

Tang

et al. 2024

Clinical Case Reports

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Neurocysticercosis is an infection of the central nervous system caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium. Although endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa, it is neglected but remains a significant cause of preventable seizure in adults. Its diagnosis is challenging and is frequently missed due to its variable clinical manifestations and lack of diagnostic facilities in most areas of sub‐Saharan Africa. This report discusses two cases of parenchymal neurocysticercosis in Ghanaians who presented to the emergency unit of a District Hospital with adult‐onset seizures. The two cases highlight the need for a high index of suspicion and also underscore the important role of neuroimaging in the evaluation of patients presenting with adult‐onset seizures in neurocysticercosis endemic areas. This is necessary for prompt detection and initiation of appropriate therapy in order to improve prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocysticercosis: A neglected but preventable cause of seizure in adults

Adjei,

Obese,

Tang

et al. 2024

Clinical Case Reports

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“…The development of a protective vaccine is the most effective and economical means of treating C. cellulosae (Gulelat et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022). However, the complex immune pathogenesis of C. cellulosae has not been fully clarified, and this is one of the important bottlenecks restricting the development of effective vaccines against it (Rosales-Mendoza et al, 2018;Kaur et al, 2021). The reason may be that C. cellulosae as a parasite in the host can directly excrete and secrete mixed products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of piglet T-cell immune responses by thioredoxin peroxidase from Cysticercus cellulosae excretory-secretory antigens

et al. 2022

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Taenia solium (T. solium) cysticercosis is a serious threat to human health and animal husbandry. During parasitization, Cysticercus cellulosae (C. cellulosae) can excrete and secrete antigens that modulate the host’s T-cell immune responses. However, the composition of C. cellulosae excretory-secretory antigens (ESAs) is complex. This study sought to identify the key molecules in C. cellulosae ESAs involved in regulating T-cell immune responses. Thus, we screened for thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx), with the highest differential expression, as the key target by label-free quantification proteomics of C. cellulosae and its ESAs. In addition, we verified whether TPx protein mainly exists in C. cellulosae ESAs. The TPx recombinant protein was prepared by eukaryotic expression, and ESAs were used as the experimental group to further investigate the effect of TPx protein on the immune response of piglet T cells in vitro. TPx protein induced an increase in CD4+ T cells in piglet peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), while CD8+ T cells did not change significantly. This resulted in an imbalance in the CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio and an increase in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells in the PBMCs. In addition, TPx protein initiated T helper 2 (Th2)-type immune responses by secreting IL-4 and IL-10 and suppressed Th1/Th17-type immune responses. The results showed that ESAs were involved in regulating piglet T-cell immune responses cells. This suggests that TPx protein found in ESAs plays an essential role to help the parasite evade host immune attack. Moreover, this lays a foundation for the subsequent exploration of the mechanism through which TPx protein regulates signaling molecules to influence T-cell differentiation.

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“…Combining proteomics with an immune‐informatics approach provides us with an opportunity to identify the immunogenic peptides with certainty in less time and effort, compared to the traditional way and has been used to identify the potential vaccine candidates against Streptococcus suis , a gram‐positive bacterium which infects humans and swine, 20 Trueperella pyogenes (a gram‐positive pathogenic bacterium which was reported to infect cattle and pigs) and Echinococcus granulosus (helminth parasite which causes cystic echinococcosis) 20‐23 . In this combined approach, the proteome of any pathogen is explored to identify the immunogenic peptides and the potential epitopes present on them using several bioinformatics tools 24 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20][21][22][23] In this combined approach, the proteome of any pathogen is explored to identify the immunogenic peptides and the potential epitopes present on them using several bioinformatics tools. 24 In our study, the combined proteomic and bioinformatics approach was used to identify putative vaccine candidates against human cysticercosis (Supporting Information: Figure S1). We performed immune blotting of T. solium cyst fluid (CF) with the serum of NCC patients and healthy volunteers (control serum).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of immune reactive proteins as a potential multiepitope vaccine candidate of Taenia solium cysticerci through proteomic approach

Kaur,

Arora,

Rawat

et al. 2023

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Metacestode, the larva of Taenia solium, is the causative agent for neurocysticercosis (NCC), which causes epilepsy. The unavailability of a vaccine against human NCC is a major cause for its widespread prevalence across the globe. Therefore, the development of a reliable vaccine against NCC is the need of the hour. Employing a combination of proteomics and immunoinformatics, we endeavored to formulate a vaccine candidate. The immune reactive cyst fluid antigens of T. solium were identified by immune‐blotting two‐dimensional gels with NCC patient's sera, followed by Matrix‐assisted laser desorption‐ionization analysis. We performed a detailed proteomic study of these immune reactive proteins by utilizing immune‐informatics tools, identified the nontoxic, nonallergic, B‐cell epitopes, and collected epitopes with the least sequence homology with human and other Taenia species. These epitopes were joined through linkers to construct a multiepitope vaccine. Different physiochemical parameters such as molecular weight (23.82 kDa), instability (39.91), and aliphatic index (49.61) were calculated to ensure the stability of the linked peptides vaccine. The vaccine demonstrated stable interactions with different immune receptors like Toll‐like receptor 4 and IgG confirming that it will effectively stimulate the host immune response. We anticipate that our designed B‐cell linear epitope‐based vaccine will show promising results in in vitro and in vivo assays. This study provides a platform that would be useful to develop other suitable vaccine candidates to prevent helminthic neglected tropical diseases in near future.

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Vaccine for a neglected tropical disease Taenia solium cysticercosis: fight for eradication against all odds

Cited by 11 publications

References 71 publications

Neurocysticercosis: A neglected but preventable cause of seizure in adults

Neurocysticercosis: A neglected but preventable cause of seizure in adults

Regulation of piglet T-cell immune responses by thioredoxin peroxidase from Cysticercus cellulosae excretory-secretory antigens

Recognition of immune reactive proteins as a potential multiepitope vaccine candidate of Taenia solium cysticerci through proteomic approach

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