Vaccine Effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Adolescents from 15 to 90 Days after Second Dose: A Population-Based Test-Negative Case-Control Study

Oliveira, Eduardo A.; Oliveira, M. C.; Colosimo, Enrico A.; Silva, Ana Cristina Simões e; Mak, Robert H.; Vasconcelos, Marisa; Silva, Ludmila R; Martelli, Daniella Reis Barbosa; Pinhati, Clara Catharino; Martelli‐Júnior, Hercílio

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.09.039

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, as the pandemic evolved, variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged and raised concerns about the immunogenicity of vaccines [6]. Case-control studies reported a substantial reduction in vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes (hospitalization or death) in adolescents during the omicron-predominant period [7][8][9][10][11]. Recent studies have demonstrated that BNT162b2, in the omicron-predominant period, provided moderate protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related hospitalization in children aged 5-11 years [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines against omicron in children aged 5 to 11 years

Oliveira

Silva

et al. 2023

World J Pediatr

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Background This study aimed to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against omicron variant infection and severe corona virus disease 2019 in children aged 5-11 years hospitalized with acute respiratory syndrome. Methods A test-negative, case-control analysis was conducted from February 2022 to June 2022. We enrolled 6950 eligible children, including 1102 cases and 5848 controls. VE was calculated after immunization with one and two doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac. The outcomes were hospitalization with acute respiratory symptoms and detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe COVID-19. The adjusted odds ratio for the association of prior vaccination and outcomes was used to estimate VE. Results For fully vaccinated children, the overall estimated VE against hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 infection was 42% [95% confidence interval (CI) 26 to 54]. VE peaked at 29-42 days (67%, 95% CI 40% to 82%) and then declined to 19% (95% CI, − 20% to 45%) at 57-120 days after the second dose. The BNT162b2 vaccine had a similar VE against hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 infection (45%, 95% CI, 20 to 61) compared to the CoronaVac vaccine (40%, 95% CI, 17% to 56%). Among cases, 56 (5%) children died; 53 (94.6%) were not fully vaccinated. For cases, the two-dose schedule effectiveness against ICU admission, need for invasive ventilation, severe illness, and death were 10% (95% CI, − 54%-45%), 22% (95% CI − 70%-68%), 12% (95% CI, − 62%-52%), and 16% (95% CI, − 77%-75%), respectively. Conclusions For hospitalized children aged 5-11 years during the omicron-predominant period in Brazil, two doses of both vaccines had moderate effectiveness against hospitalization with acute respiratory symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection and offered limited protection against endpoints of COVID-19 severity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines against omicron in children aged 5 to 11 years

Oliveira

Silva

et al. 2023

World J Pediatr

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“…The NOS scores indicated that all the studies included in the analysis demonstrated moderate to high methodological quality. Among them, 17 studies ( 10 , 17–19 , 23–26 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 43 , 45 ) were rated as high quality, while 16 studies ( 11 , 12 , 20–22 , 27 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 39–42 , 44 ) were considered to be of medium quality ( Supplementary Table 2 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, 32 records were eligible for inclusion in our study (Supplementary Table 1). Among these, we identified 15 cohort studies (10, 17-30) and 18 case-control studies (11,12,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45), all utilizing non-vaccination as a control group, comprising an expansive cohort of 17,177,822 individuals. Of the 33 studies (one record contains two studies) included, 29 (87.88%) evaluated the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine, six (18.18%) involved the efficacy of the CoronaVac vaccine, two each on the effectiveness of the mRNA-1273 and the BBIBP-CorV vaccine, and one on the ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lu,

Zeng,

Yao

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundOmicron (B.1.1.529), a variant of SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a dominant strain in COVID-19 pandemic. This development has raised concerns about the effectiveness of vaccination to Omicron, particularly in the context of children and adolescents. Our study evaluated the efficacy of different COVID-19 vaccination regimens in children and adolescents during the Omicron epidemic phase.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase electronic databases for studies published through March 2023 on the association between COVID-19 vaccination and vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents at the Omicron variant period. The effectiveness outcomes included mild COVID-19 and severe COVID-19. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023390481).ResultsA total of 33 studies involving 16,532,536 children were included in the analysis. First, in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years, the overall VE of the COVID-19 vaccine is 45% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40 to 50%). Subgroup analysis of VE during Omicron epidemic phase for different dosage regimens demonstrated that the VE was 50% (95% CI: 44 to 55%) for the 2-dose vaccination and 61% (95% CI: 45 to 73%) for the booster vaccination. Upon further analysis of different effectiveness outcomes during the 2-dose vaccination showed that the VE was 41% (95% CI: 35 to 47%) against mild COVID-19 and 71% (95% CI: 60 to 79%) against severe COVID-19. In addition, VE exhibited a gradual decrease over time, with the significant decline in the efficacy of Omicron for infection before and after 90 days following the 2-dose vaccination, registering 54% (95% CI: 48 to 59%) and 34% (95% CI: 21 to 56%), respectively.ConclusionDuring the Omicron variant epidemic, the vaccine provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years. Two doses of vaccination can provide effective protection severe COVID-19, with booster vaccination additionally enhancing VE.

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“…T varies in our study in order to observe varying prediction errors for each value of T of vaccination. According to the literature [ 34 ], this is usually after 90 days but it may vary with the country and type of COVID-19 vaccine received. Therefore, in our study, candidates for T were selected as 30, 60, 90, and 120 days.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of the waning effect of COVID-19 vaccinations

Lee,

Song,

Apio

et al. 2023

Genomics Inform

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Vaccine development is one of the key efforts to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it has become apparent that the immunity acquired through vaccination is not permanent, known as the waning effect. Therefore, monitoring the proportion of the population with immunity is essential to improve the forecasting of future waves of the pandemic. Despite this, the impact of the waning effect on forecasting accuracies has not been extensively studied. We proposed a method for the estimation of the effective immunity (EI) rate which represents the waning effect by integrating the second and booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines. The EI rate, with different periods to the onset of the waning effect, was incorporated into three statistical models and two machine learning models. Stringency Index, omicron variant BA.5 rate (BA.5 rate), booster shot rate (BSR), and the EI rate were used as covariates and the best covariate combination was selected using prediction error. Among the prediction results, Generalized Additive Model showed the best improvement (decreasing 86% test error) with the EI rate. Furthermore, we confirmed that South Korea’s decision to recommend booster shots after 90 days is reasonable since the waning effect onsets 90 days after the last dose of vaccine which improves the prediction of confirmed cases and deaths. Substituting BSR with EI rate in statistical models not only results in better predictions but also makes it possible to forecast a potential wave and help the local community react proactively to a rapid increase in confirmed cases.

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Vaccine Effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Adolescents from 15 to 90 Days after Second Dose: A Population-Based Test-Negative Case-Control Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines against omicron in children aged 5 to 11 years

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccines against omicron in children aged 5 to 11 years

The effect of COVID-19 vaccine to the Omicron variant in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

An analysis of the waning effect of COVID-19 vaccinations

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