Vaccination With RA 27/3 Rubella Vaccine

Abstract

In order to further establish the safety of RA 27/3 vaccine and the quality of its antigenic response, both subcutaneous and intranasal administration of vaccine were studied. A contact study carried out in 70 families proved RA 27/3 vaccine to be noncontagious. The antibody response (hemagglutination-inhibition test) following vaccination, checked in 387 seronegative individuals, was only slightly inferior to that in individuals with preexisting naturally acquired antibodies. In children the failure rate was 7% when vaccine was administered intranasally and 0% when given subcutaneously. In adults, who were vaccinated only subcutaneously, 4% did not develop seroconversion. After three years, decline of the level of vaccine-induced antibodies was slightly faster than that of naturally immune individuals. In no instance was there loss of a significant titer. Negligible side reactions consisted in a few cases of slight indolent swellings of the nuchal glands. Rarely was a faint transient rash noted. No individual developed arthralgia or arthritis.Within the past two years sev¬ eral rubella vaccine strains have been licensed for commercial use. As there is a considerable vari¬ ability among the essential features of these strains, the choice between them is an important problem.

Analytical modeling and optimization for a laterally-driven polysilicon thermal actuator

“…The thermal microactuators are generally based on thermal expansion effects utilizing either monograph [1] or bimorph structures [2][3][4][5]. For thermally driven microactuators with lateral motion, Guckel et al [6] proposed a new flexure actuator and fabricated it using LIGA process.…”