Vaccination with a Paramyosin-Based Multi-Epitope Vaccine Elicits Significant Protective Immunity against Trichinella spiralis Infection in Mice

Abstract

Trichinellosis is a worldwide zoonosis and remains a serious public health problem. Interrupting parasite transmission via vaccination of livestocks with a potent vaccine is a practical approach to prevent human Trichinellosis. Our previous studies have identified that paramyosin of Trichinella spiralis (Ts-Pmy) is a good vaccine candidate against Trichinellosis. In this study, a novel multi-epitope vaccine (MEP) was constructed by using four CD4+ T cell epitopes (P2, P3, P4, and P5) and one B cell epitope (YX1) from Ts-Pmy and expressed as a soluble recombinant protein (rMEP) in Escherichia coli. Mice immunized with rMEP vaccine produced significant higher muscle larval reduction (55.4%) than that induced by immunization of parental rTs-Pmy (34.4%) against T. spiralis infection. The better protection is associated with rMEP induced high levels of anti-rMEP specific IgG and subclass IgG1/IgG2a, elevated T cell proliferation of splenocytes and secretion of IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5. The cellular response to individual T cell epitope also showed that splenocytes from mice immunized with rMEP strongly response to the stimulation of synthetic epitope peptide P2, P3, and P4, but not to P5, suggesting that most of T cell epitopes are exposed and processed well during immunization that may contribute to the high protection induced by the immunization of rMEP. This study implies that epitope vaccine is a promising approach for the development of vaccines against Trichinellosis.

Immunogenicity, antibody responses and vaccine efficacy of recombinant annexin B30 against Schistosoma mansoni

“…Therefore, it is recommended that a vaccine which can trigger the balance responses between Th1 and Th2 is highly favourable against schistosome infection. Alternative approach such as the application of multi‐valent vaccines (ie combination of several antigens as well as a mixture of immunogenic epitopes with suitable adjuvants) could be a potential strategy to improve protective efficacy against the parasite infection …”

“…Alternative approach such as the application of multi-valent vaccines (ie combination of several antigens as well as a mixture of immunogenic epitopes with suitable adjuvants) could be a potential strategy to improve protective efficacy against the parasite infection. 62,63 In spite of the absence of sustained vaccine-induced protection against parasite challenge, it is possible that annexin B30 is simply not exposed to the host immune responses in living parasites, despite its close association with the surface membrane complex. 64 This is not surprising as a p36(LACK) (known as Leishmania homologue of receptors for activated C kinase) DNA vaccine has been shown for its high immunogenic but was not able to confer protection against the infection of Leishmania donovani.…”

Protective immunity in mice vaccinated with a novel elastase-1 significantly decreases Trichinella spiralis fecundity and infection

“…Each mouse was subcutaneously immunized by using 20 µg rTsE emulsified with Montanide ISA 201 adjuvant (Seppic, France) and boosted three times with rTsE with ISA 201 at a 4-week interval for the first immunization and at a two-week interval for the second and third boosts. The control group was administered ISA 201 adjuvant or PBS alone according to the same protocol as the immunization group [9,30]. Approximately 100 μL of blood was taken from each mouse tail prior to immunization and at 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after immunization.…”

“…As a considerable quantity of pork is consumed around the world, T. spiralis infection in domestic pigs represents a severe risk to public health and a notable hazard to pork meat safety [5,7]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a preventive vaccine to block Trichinella infection in domestic swine and transmission from swine to humans [8][9][10].…”

Structural Basis and Designing of Peptide Vaccine using PE-PGRS Family Protein of Mycobacterium ulcerans – An Integrated Vaccinomics Approach

“…For the efficient recognition of epitopes within the vaccine, GPGPG and AAY linkers were used to merge HTL and CTL epitopes, respectively. The LBL epitopes were added together with bi-lysine (KK) linker to preserve their independent immunogenic activities as shown before (Gu et al 2017).…”